地表储集矿井水水质特点与重金属污染评价

Quality Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals for Surface Reservoir Mine Water

高矿化度矿井水在西部地区广泛分布,长期储集在地表,影响周围环境甚至威胁黄河中下游地区生态安全。以鄂尔多斯上海庙矿区为例,分析地表储集矿井水的水质变化特点,对矿井水和湖底淤泥开展重金属生态风险评价研究。结果表明,随着储集时间增加,地表储集矿井水的pH值、TDS等水质参数增大,化学组成主要受蒸发浓缩作用影响;根据SAR值和WQI值,认为储集时间较长的矿井水钠毒害风险和饮用风险等级更大,不适宜作为灌溉用水和饮用水;储集矿井水和淤泥中重金属含量有明显负相关关系,其污染程度较高的重金属分别是Hg、Pb、Cr和Hg、Cd。建议重点关注Hg、Cd的生态污染风险和As、Cr的致癌风险。

Mine water with high salinity is widely distributed in western China,and its long-term accumulation on the surface affects the surrounding environment and even threatens the ecological security of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.Taking Shanghaimiao Mining area in Ordos as an example,the quality characteristics of surface reservoir mine water is analyzed,and the ecological risk assessment of heavy metals is carried out in mine water and lake bottom silt.The results show that the water quality parameters such as pH and TDS increase with the increase of storage time,and its chemical composition is mainly affected by evaporation and concentration.According to the SAR value and WQI value,the mine water with longer storage time has a higher risk of sodium poisoning and drinking water,which is not suitable for irrigation water and drinking water.There is a significant negative correlation between the contents of heavy metals in mine drainage and silt.The heavy metals with high pollution degree are Hg,Pb,Cr and Hg,Cd.It is suggested to pay more attention to the ecological pollution risk of Hg and Cd and the carcinogenic risk of As and Cr.