不同经营管理策略对内蒙古家庭牧场影响的研究现状及展望

Research Status and Prospect of the Impacts of Different Management Strategies on Family Ranches in Inner Mongolia

内蒙古草原是我国重要的畜牧业生产基地和北方生态安全屏障,其经济发展和生态保护问题是当下研究的热点话题。家庭牧场作为比较典型的畜牧业生产组织形式,已经成为内蒙古农牧业发展的重要内容。近年来,气候变化和人类干扰在一定程度上造成了草地的退化,这不仅带来了生态系统功能衰退等问题,也对家庭牧场的经济发展有着重要的影响。本文对家庭牧场的发展及定义进行了论述,就内蒙古不同草地类型下的家庭牧场经营管理策略中产生的作用以及造成的影响进行综述,最后从内蒙古家庭牧场的经营模式、牧户经营意识、管理制度、金融制度及社会服务体系、景观化遥感技术这几个方面提出问题并进行展望,以期为内蒙古草原家庭牧场实现草畜平衡的同时提高农牧民经济效益提供科学参考。

Inner Mongolia grassland is an important livestock production base and northern ecological security barrier in China,and its economic development and ecological protection issues are the hot topics of research nowadays.Family ranch as a major typical form of livestock production organization has become an important element in the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia.In recent years,climate change and human disturbance have caused the degradation of grasslands.This not only brings about problems such as the decline of ecosystem function,but also has an important impact on the economic development of family ranches.This paper discussed the development and definition of family ranch,provided an overview of the roles produced and the impacts caused from the management strategies of family ranch under different grassland types in Inner Mongolia,and finally raised questions and outlooks on the business model,herders’business awareness,management system,financial system and social service system,and landscape remote sensing technology applications relevant to the family ranch in Inner Mongolia.It is expected to provide a scientific reference for achieving grass-livestock balance at the scale of farmer’s household in Inner Mongolia,while improving the economic efficiency of farmers and herders.