自贸试验区设立对产业协同集聚的影响效应——基于制度创新的维度

The Impact of the Establishment of the Pilot Free Trade Zone on Industrial Co-agglomeration:Based on the Dimension of Institutional Innovation

自贸试验区试点政策以其独有的制度创新基因引领要素集聚,聚焦“制度创新赋能产业发展”,会对区内的产业协同集聚产生影响。结合2008—2018年的地级市面板数据,采用渐进式双重差分法,评估了自贸试验区的设立对产业协同集聚的影响效应。研究发现,自贸试验区的设立能够促使区内产业的协同集聚;机制检验结果显示,自贸试验区能通过对外开放制度创新、财政补贴制度创新、公共服务制度创新促进地区产业协同集聚;税收优惠制度创新机制对地区产业协同集聚的促进作用不显著。自贸试验区促进产业协同集聚的效果对处于不同地理区位、行政等级不同的城市具有区域异质性,自贸试验区对不同类型的生产性服务业同制造业的协同集聚促进效果具有行业异质性;空间溢出视角下,自贸试验区政策实施会对相邻地区和经济水平相似地区的产业协同集聚存在先抑后扬的“U”型影响。

The pilot free trade zone,as a unique policy that uses institutional innovation to facilitate industrial development,has a profound impact on the regional industrial co-agglomeration.Based on the panel data of 280 cities in China from 2008 to 2018,this paper uses the staggered difference-in-difference(DID)method to test the net policy effect of setting up the pilot free trade zone on industrial co-agglomeration.The results indicate that the establishment of the pilot free trade zone can significantly promote the level of industrial co-agglomeration through the innovation of the opening up system,the fiscal expenditure system,and the public service system,whereas the innovation of the tax preferential system has no significant effect on industrial co-agglomeration.Furthermore,due to the influence of geographical location and administrative levels,the policy's effects will be different depending on the type of city.The pilot free trade zones also have heterogeneous effects on the co-agglomeration of different producer services and manufacturing.From the perspective of spatial spillovers,the pilot free trade zone has a U-shaped impact on the industrial co-agglomeration of neighboring regions and cities with similar economic levels.