宁夏方言古语词丛考

A series of ancient words in Ningxia dialect

宁夏方言作为西北长城地带北方话的重要组成部分,主要是随着明代以来几次大的移民迁徙逐渐形成的。在宁夏方言中,留存着部分颇具特色的古语词。有的词语仅存语音,难以确定字形,需通过语音、语义探求本字;有些词语保留古义仍在方言中使用;有的已改变为与本义有联系的其他意义。本文选取11个有特点的古语词加以考释,探求方言词语流变的历史过程。同时根据这部分词语的使用范围,力图揭示影响宁夏方言词汇面貌的不同因素。

Ningxia dialect,as an important part of Northern Dialect in the Northwest Great Wall region,was formed gradually with several major migrations since the Ming Dynasty.In Ningxia dialect,there are some distinctive old words.Some words only have pronunciation.It is difficult to determine the shape.We need to explore the character through the pronunciation and semantics.Some words retain their ancient meanings and are still used in dialects;Some have been changed into other meanings related to the original meaning.This paper selects 11 characteristic ancient words to analyze and explore the historical process of dialect words’evolution.At the same time,it tries to reveal the different factors that affect the lexical features of Ningxia dialect according to the range of these words.