民族院校通识教育变革的价值导向、实施路径与发展策略

Value Orientation,Implementation Path,and Development Strategy of the Reform of General Education in Ethnic Colleges and Universities

加强通识教育是当今高等教育发展的重要趋势,也是实现民族院校办学使命的重要路径。民族院校通识教育的变革具有三重价值导向:以社会主义核心价值观为导向,厚植中华民族共同体意识;以育人为本,培养德智体美劳全面发展的人才;立足民族文化之根,传承各民族优秀文化。其实施特点包括实行通专结合的培养制度,采用分布必修的通识教育课程模式,重视弘扬各民族优秀文化,实行大班授课,发展在线教学,彰显校园文化的民族特色,发挥潜在的育人功能。一方面,其改革举措推动了民族学等相关学科建设,提升了民族院校的人才培养质量,促进了大学生中华民族共同体意识的发展;另一方面,受教育理念、教育评价方式等因素影响,民族院校通识教育也存在课程模式单一、轻隐性课程等问题。调整通识教育教育发展策略,需树立全面的通识教育发展观,改革课程模式和教学评价方式,拓展育人路径,促进教育交流和经验借鉴。

Strengthening general education is an inevitable trend over the process of the development of higher education,and also an important path to realize the mission of ethnic colleges and universities.The reform of general education in ethnic colleges and universities is guided by three value orientations:(1)guided by the core socialist values,cultivating the sense of community for the Chinese nation;(2)cultivation-centered education,aiming to cultivate professionals with full aspects development in morality,intelligence,physique,beauty and labor;(3)based on the cultural heritage of ethnic roots,inheriting and promoting the excellent cultures of various ethnic groups.Its implementation characteristics include the implementation of the training system of combining general and speciality education,the adoption of the general education curriculum mode of compulsory distribution,the importance of promoting the excellent culture of various ethnic groups,the implementation of large-scale class teaching,development of online teaching,highlighting ethnic characteristics of campus culture,and fully promoting potential educational function.On the one hand,its reform measures have promoted the construction of ethnology and other related disciplines,improved the quality of professionals'training in ethnic colleges and universities,and promoted the development of college students'sense of community of the Chinese nation;on the other hand,under the influence of educational concepts and educational evaluation methods and other factors,the general education in ethnic colleges and universities also has problems such as single curriculum mode and ignoring implicit curriculum.To adjust the development strategy of general education,it is necessary to establish a comprehensive view of general education development,reform curriculum models and teaching evaluation methods,expand paths for student cultivation,and promote educational exchanges and experiences for mutual learning.