共晶理论与含能共晶材料研究进展

Research progress of co-crystallization theory and energetic co-crystallization materials

含能材料高能量与低感度的平衡是难以快速突破的科学难题,而含能共晶技术可以通过改变含能化合物的内部结构组成和结晶结构,进而改变含能材料的固态性质,实现能量和安全性的平衡,从而保障现代武器系统的高效毁伤与高安全性。在总结现有含能共晶材料相关研究的基础上,首先,从热力学过程和相互作用等角度揭示了共晶的形成,汇总了含能材料共晶的制备方法以及表征技术,并简要论述了制备方法及表征技术的优缺点。其次,归纳总结了CL-20、HMX、TNB系列共晶炸药与2种共晶组分之间密度、熔点、分解温度、感度和爆炸性能的关系,验证了含能共晶技术可有效平衡高能量与低感度的固有矛盾。最后,提出了建立完善的含能材料共晶形成原理及共晶含能材料的放大生产与应用是含能材料领域亟需解决的两大关键难题,并展望了未来含能共晶材料的研究应致力于含能共晶体系开拓、含能共晶技术优化和含能共晶系统机器学习。

The balance between high energy and low sensitivity of energetic materials is a scientific problem that is difficult to break through quickly.By changing the internal structure composition and crystal structure of energetic compounds,energetic co-crystallization technology can change the solid properties of energetic materials to achieve the balance between energy and safety,thus ensuring the efficient damage and high safety of the modern weapon systems.On the basis of summarizing the existing research on energetic co-crystallization materials,this paper firstly reveals the formation of co-crystallization from the perspective of thermodynamic processes and interactions,summarizes the preparation methods and characterization techniques of energetic co-crystallization materials,and briefly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the preparation methods and characterization techniques.Secondly,this paper summarizes the relationship between CL-20,HMX,TNB series co-crystallization explosives and the density,melting point,decomposition temperature,sensitivity and explosive performance of the two co-crystallization components,and verifies the inherent contradiction between high energy and low sensitivity which can be effectively balanced by energetic co-crystallization technology.Finally,it points out that the establishment of a perfect co-crystallization formation principle of energetic materials and the scale-up production and application of co-crystallization energetic materials are two key problems that need to be solved urgently in the field of energetic materials.It also prospects that the future research of energetic co-crystallization materials should be devoted to the development of the energetic co-crystallization system,the optimization of energetic co-crystallization technology and the machine learning of the energetic co-crystallization system.