数字经济时代工作价值观的多元化——认知失调视角下骑手工作价值观变化研究

The Diversity of Work Values in the Digital Economy Era——A Study on the Changing Work Values of Delivery Riders from the Perspective of Cognitive Dissonance

数字经济的加速发展以及就业形态的创新,使得劳动者价值观多元化问题逐渐凸显,引发了学者对灵活就业劳动者工作价值观问题的思考。本研究基于对53位骑手的深度访谈,根据认知失调理论探讨了骑手工作价值取向的变化,为推动新就业群体实现体面劳动提供借鉴。研究发现:骑手的工作价值观与传统正规就业群体存在显著差异,即骑手的工作价值观在构成维度上表现为谋生与发展两个取向;在优先次序上,骑手的工作价值观更注重工作自主性、收入公平性和职业发展性;在具体内涵上,骑手的工作价值观出现了时间自由、人身自由等新内容,体现了工作价值观向“后现代主义价值观”转变的趋势。研究建议:政策制定、平台管理和工会工作要注意结合骑手工作价值观的阶段性特点,根据灵活就业的特点创新养老保险缴费时段和地点,探索实施碎片化的社会保障缴费方式,提供便利化的理赔服务,为劳动者营造灵活且安全的工作环境。

The accelerated development of the digital economy and the innovation of employment patterns have led to the gradual emergence of the issue of diversification of laborers'values,which has sparked scholars'thinking on the work values offlexible employment laborers.Based on in-depth interviews with 53 delivery riders,this study explored the changes in their work value orientations from the perspective of Cognitive Dissonance Theory,providing reference for promoting decent work for the new employment group.This study found that there are significant differences between the work values of delivery riders and those of traditional formal employment groups,and the work values of delivery riders are characterized by two dimensions livelihood and development.In terms of priority,delivery riders place more emphasis on work autonomy,income fairness,and career development.In terms of specific content,the work values of delivery riders include new elements such as time freedom and personal freedom,reflecting the trend of the transformation of work values towards"postmodern values".It is suggested in this study that the policy-making,platform management,and union work should pay attention to the stage characteristics of delivery riders'work values,innovate the payment period and location of pension insurance based on the characteristics offlexible employment,explore the implementation of fragmented social security payment methods,and provide convenient claims services to create aflexible and safe working environment for laborers.