当前及今后时期服务业重点行业人才缺口研究

Research on the Current and Future Talent Gap in Key Industries ofthe Service Sector

当前“十四五”及今后一段时期,积极引导高校毕业生从事服务业重点行业,是应对新形势下劳动力市场用工需求、充分挖掘高技能人力资源、稳定青年人就业的重要渠道。本研究基于2010—2022年《中国统计年鉴》、2018年中国经济普查宏观数据和2010—2021年国泰安经济金融研究数据库中的A股上市公司数据,采用多维固定效应模型等方法,测算服务业重点行业的人才缺口数量,总结出三大重点服务行业亟须的人才类型和特点。研究发现:当前人才教育培养存在“用工荒”与“招工难”并存的现象;重知识、轻实践,受教育水平与能力不匹配问题凸显;针对青年人就业观念的教育和引导较为有限。研究建议:教育部门应完善专业设置和培养方案;企业和高校应积极推进大学生见习计划,加强校企合作,提高大学生的职业技能;高校和社会要积极引导大学生群体树立正确的就业观念。

During the"14th Five-Year Plan"period and beyond,actively guiding college graduates to engage in key industries of the service sector is an important means of addressing the labor market's demand for employment under new circumstances,fully tapping into high-skilled human resources,and ensuring stable employment for young people.Based on the data from the China Statistical Yearbook from 2010-2022,macroeconomic data from the 2018 Chinese Economic Census,and the data from the A-share listed companies in the China Stock Market&Accounting Research Database from 2010-2021,this study employs the multidimensionalfixed-effects model and other methods to estimate the talent gap in key industries of the service sector.The study identifies three types and characteristics of talents urgently needed in key service industries.Thefindings indicate that currently there is a coexistence of labor shortages and difficulties in recruitment in talent education and training.The problems of focusing on knowledge over practice and a mismatch between education levels and abilities are prominent.Education and guidance on young people's employment concepts are relatively limited.The study suggests that the education sector should improve professional settings and training programs,whilst the enterprises and universities should actively promote internship programs for college students,enhance university-industry cooperation,and improve college students'vocational skills.Moreover,both universities and society should actively guide college students in developing the correct employment concepts.