北方旱寒区甘蓝型冬油菜产量、品质及抗倒性的分析评价

Evaluationand analysis of yield,quality and lodging resistance of Brassica napus in the drought and cold areas of Northern China

2018—2019年,以34个强抗寒甘蓝型冬油菜品系为试验材料,对其产量、品质及抗倒性进行分析和评价,挖掘优异种质资源。结果表明:不同材料间的产量、品质及抗倒性存在较大差异,单株产量变异范围为6.50~36.67 g,平均产量为21.08 g,17NPZ240-1的产量最高;相关分析表明全株角果数(r=0.897**)和每角粒数(r=0.534**)与单株产量极显著正相关。各材料倒伏系数介于153.74~359.61,17NDL20-7的倒伏系数最低,抗倒性最强;相关分析表明抗折力(r=-0.501**)、重心高度(r=502**)、茎粗(r=-0.816**)、分枝部位(r=0.472**)和主花序长度(r=-0.679**)与倒伏系数呈极显著相关关系。品质性状中,含油量介于33.40%~49.54%,平均含量为43.32%,17DNL32-3的含量最高;蛋白质含量介于16.87%~27.24%,平均含量为21.18%,16NTS309-4的含量最高;油酸含量介于23.62%~68.81%,平均含量为45.92%,17NPZ242-1的含量最高;亚油酸含量介于10.62%~18.48%,平均含量为14.87%,亚麻酸含量介于5.41%~8.97%,平均含量为7.60%,芥酸含量介于0.15%~27.51%,平均含量为10.80%,17NPZ52-3的亚油酸、亚麻酸含量最高,芥酸含量最低;硫代葡萄糖苷含量介于18.47~70.35μmol·g^(-1),平均含量为34.41μmol·g^(-1),16NTS309-7的含量最低;相关分析表明油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和芥酸含量间存在显著相关关系(0.421≤r≤0.913)。9个性状的综合隶属函数值F介于0.25~0.77,相差0.52,品系间差异较大。聚类分析将34份甘蓝型冬油菜材料划分为3大类群,第Ⅰ类群包含17份材料,综合表现最好,但平均含油量最低;第Ⅱ类群包含4份材料,综合表现较弱,倒伏系数均值最高,其他8个性状的平均值都处于中等水平;第Ⅲ类群包含13份材料,综合表现最弱,但平均含油量最高,倒伏系数均值处于中等水平,其他7个性状的均值都处于最低水平。

From 2018 to 2019,34 winter rape lines with strong cold resistance were used as experimental materials to analyze and evaluate their yield,quality and lodging resistance and find excellent germplasm resources.The results showed that the yield,quality and lodging resistance of 34 winter rape materials were quite different.Among them,the yield per plant ranges was 6.50~36.67 g,the average yield was 21.08 g and the yield of 17NPZ240-1 is the highest.Correlation analysis showed that the siliques number of the whole plant(r=0.897**)and the number of seeds per pod(r=0.534**)were significantly positively correlated with yield per plant.The lodging coefficient was 153.74~359.61,and 17NDL20-7 had the lowest lodging coefficient and the strongest lodging resistance.Correlation analysis showed that breaking-resistant strength(r=-0.501**),height of center of gravity(r=502**),stem diameter(r=-0.816**),branch position(r=0.472**)and main inflorescence length(r=-0.679**)were significantly correlated with lodging coefficient.Oil content was 33.40%~49.54%,the average content was 43.32%,and the material with the highest content was 17DNL32-3.The content of protein was 16.87%~27.24%,with an average content of 21.18%and the material with the highest content was 16NTS309-4.The oleic acid content was 23.62%~68.81%,with an average content of 45.92%and the material with the highest content was 17NPZ242-1.The content of linoleic acid was 10.62%~18.48%,with an average content of 14.87%,the material with the highest content was 17NPZ52-3.The content of linolenic acid was 5.41%~8.97%,with an average content of 7.60%,the material with the highest content was 17NPZ52-3.The erucic acid content was 0.15%~27.51%,with an average content of 10.80%,the material with the lowest content was 17PZ52-3.The content of glucosinolate was 18.47~70.35μmol·g^(-1),with an average content of 34.41μmol·g^(-1) and the material with the highest content was 16NTS309-7.Correlation analysis showed that the contents of oleic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid and erucic acid were significantly correlated(0.421≤r≤0.913).The average membership function values F of the nine indexes was 0.25~0.77,with a difference of 0.52,and there was a big difference among the lines.Cluster analysis divided 34 winter rape materials into 3 groups,and the first group contained 17 materials,which had the best comprehensive performance but the lowest average oil content.The second group contained 4 materials with weak comprehensive performance and the highest average lodging coefficient.The average values of other 8 indexes were in the middle level.The third group contained 13 materials with the weakest comprehensive performance but the highest average oil content.The average lodging coefficient at the middle level,and the average of the other seven indexes were at the lowest level.