CO_(2)浓度增加对半干旱区马铃薯生长动态及产量、品质的影响

Effects of elevated CO_(2) concentration on growth dynamics,yield and quality of potato in semi-arid area

为了解CO_(2)浓度升高条件下马铃薯生长动态及其产量、品质的变化特征,在典型半干旱区(甘肃定西)利用开顶式气室(OTC)试验平台,以马铃薯‘新大坪’为供试品种,设对照(390μmol·mol^(-1))和590μmol·mol^(-1)共2个CO_(2)浓度梯度,开展CO_(2)浓度增加模拟试验。结果表明:CO_(2)浓度增加至590μmol·mol-1时,马铃薯发育加快,生育期提前,全生育期天数缩短3 d;CO_(2)浓度升高对马铃薯株高、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量和叶片水势有明显促进作用。随着生育进程的推移,马铃薯地上部干物质生产对CO_(2)浓度的响应值呈现先变大再变小的趋势。CO_(2)浓度增加促进了马铃薯块茎产量的提高,单株结薯数和单株薯块质量也有所增加。与对照相比,590μmol·mol^(-1 )CO_(2)处理马铃薯块茎水分、蛋白质、维生素C含量以及铁、锌、铜元素含量分别下降3.43%、11.78%、13.09%、25.58%、31.94%和9.76%,而粗淀粉、粗脂肪、粗纤维和还原糖含量分别增加10.56%、240.00%、14.28%、106.38%。

In the present study,the effects of elevated CO_(2) concentration on growth dynamics,yield and quality of potato‘Xindaping’were investigated based on the Open-Top Chamber(OTC)experiment platform in Dingxi,a typical semi-arid area.Two different CO_(2) concentrations experiments(390μmol·mol^(-1 )and 590μmol·mol^(-1))were conducted.The results showed that under the elevated CO_(2) concentration(590μmol·mol-1),the growth and development of potato were accelerated,and the whole growth period was shortened by 3 days.The elevated CO_(2) concentration obviously promoted the increase of plant height,leaf area index,chlorophyll content,and leaf water potential of potato.During the plant growth,the response value of aboveground dry matter production of potato to CO_(2) concentration showed a trend from small to large,and then from large to small.The elevated CO_(2) concentration promoted potato tuber yield in semi-arid area,accompanied by the increase of the number of tubers per plant and the weight of tubers per plan.Under the elevated CO_(2) concentration(590μmol·mol-1),the nutrients in potato tubers,such as moisture,protein,vitamin C,as well as trace elements such as iron,zinc and copper decreased by 3.43%,11.78%,13.09%,25.58%,31.94%and 9.76%respectively.However,the nutrients such as crude starch,crude fat,crude fiber and reducing sugar increased by 10.56%,240.00%,14.28%and 106.38%respectively.