基于InSAR技术的大庆市地面变形监测与成因分析

Land Deformation Monitoring and Causal Analysis in Daqing City Based on InSAR Technology

大庆市由于石油工业和城市发展,导致地面变形频繁发生。近年来针对大庆地区地表形变监测研究较少,基于2016—2021年覆盖大庆市研究区的64景Sentinel-1A/B卫星影像数据,利用短基线集合成孔径雷达干涉测量(SBAS-InSAR)技术获取了大庆市主城区地表形变监测信息,分析了大庆市主城区地面变形的时空分布特征,并利用水准测量数据对监测结果进行了精度验证,进而基于地表形变监测信息对大庆地区地面变形的主要诱因进行分析。结果表明:大庆地区地面不均匀变形明显,主要抬升地区分布在油田主采区,最大抬升速率达到23.8 mm/a,主要沉降地区位于萨尔图区和红岗区,最大沉降速率为-10.9 mm/a;影响大庆地区地面抬升的主要因素为油田高压注水,地下水开采和建筑荷载是引起大庆地区地面沉降的两个重要因素,但近年来由地下水过度开采引发的地面沉降得到了有效控制。

Land deformation occurs frequently in Daqing due to oil industry and urban development.However,in recent years,there have been few studies on surface deformation monitoring in Daqing area.Based on 64 Sentinel-1A/B satellite images covering the study area of Daqing City from 2016-2021,the surface deformation monitoring information was obtained,and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of land deformation in the main urban area of Daqing City were analyzed by using small baseline subset synthetic aperture radar interferometry(SBAS-InSAR) technology,and the accuracy of the results was verified by using the level measurement data,and the main causes of land deformation in Daqing area was further analyzed.The results show that the uneven land deformation in Daqing area is obvious;the main uplifting zone is located in the main oilfield extraction area with the maximum uplifting rate of 23.8 mm/a,and the main subsidence zone is located in the Saltu and Honggang areas with the maximum subsidence rate of-10.9 mm/a;the main factor affecting the land uplifting in Daqing area is the high pressure water injection;groundwater exploitation and building load are two important factors leading to land subsidence in Daqing area,while the land subsidence caused by excessive groundwater exploitation has been effectively controlled in recent years.