中国西北五省乡村旅游重点村时空分布格局与可达性分析

Spatial distribution pattern and accessibility analysis of the key rural tourism villages in the five northwestern provinces of China

乡村旅游重点村是乡村旅游高质量发展的重要载体,厘清其空间分布格局和可达性,对优化乡村旅游供给、乡村旅游业态布局以及促进全面乡村振兴具有重要意义。以中国西北五省2019、2020年和2021年对应的55个、179个和212个乡村旅游重点村为研究对象,运用地理信息系统空间分析法探究了乡村旅游重点村的空间格局特征,采用栅格成本加权距离法对综合交通网络、地形因子影响的空间可达性差异进行可视化呈现。结果表明:(1)乡村旅游重点村空间分布异质性突出,各省(自治区)、市均衡性呈现好转趋势,空间集聚范围不断扩大。(2)乡村旅游重点村形成了以各省会城市为中心的“点状-环状”演变趋势。(3)乡村旅游重点村的热点区由“石嘴山市-陇南市”南北贯穿带向东西方向辐射扩散。(4)乡村旅游重点村空间可达性整体水平不高,整体看东部高、西部低,局部看北疆强、南疆弱,并且受交通网络及地形影响较大,具有显著的交通指向性。(5)乡村旅游重点村的空间分布特征与可达性耦合性高。

Because key rural tourism villages are essential for the high-quality development of rural tourism,understanding their spatial distribution pattern and accessibility is critical for optimizing the supply and layout of rural tourism and promoting comprehensive rural revitalization.Therefore,in this study,55,179,and 212 rural tourism key villages in the five northwestern provinces of China in 2019,2020,and 2021 were considered.The imbalance index,nearest proximity index,and kernel density estimation were used to investigate the spatial and temporal evolution of the spatial pattern of key villages of rural tourism.Furthermore,the raster cost-weighted distance method was used to construct a spatial accessibility estimation model based on the influence of the comprehensive transportation network and terrain factors consistent with the real-world scenario.The results revealed the following:(1)The spatial distribution of key villages of rural tourism was heterogeneous,and the difference between the east and west was considerable.With the increase in the number of key villages of rural tourism,various provinces and cities exhibited a trend of improvement,and the scope of spatial agglomeration continued to expand.(2)The core density of key villages of rural tourism formed a“point-ring”evolution trend centered on provincial capitals,and the high-density core area was concentrated in the northeast of Qinghai Province,where Xining City and Gansu overlapped.(3)The hot spot of the key village of rural tourism ran through the north-south belt of“Shizuishan City-Longnan City”and radiated to the east and west.(4)The level of spatial accessibility of key villages of rural tourism was not high,the overall view was high in the east and low in the west,the northern part of Xinjiang was strong,and the southern part of Xinjiang was weak in the local view and considerably affected by the transportation network and terrain,and has considerable traffic direction.(5)The spatial distribution characteristics of key villages of rural tourism have high coupling with accessibility and are considerably affected by distributing resources,regional economic development,and topography.