气候极端化背景下的全球粮食体系韧性治理及对中国的启示

Resilience Governance of Global Food System in Climate Extremes and Its Enlightenment for China

在诸多安全议题中,粮食安全是受气候影响最为直接也最为强烈的领域。气候变化对全球粮食体系的冲击构成了两条线性逻辑,一是在“气候+粮食”的二维安全架构下,直接威胁粮食体系稳定;二是在“气候+关联议题+粮食”的三维安全架构下,经由生物、卫生等第三方安全领域,间接弱化粮食体系韧性。具体而言,气候变化给全球粮食体系韧性治理带来的挑战主要体现在制约粮食增产和运输、削弱消费者的粮食获取力和降低个体的营养摄入量等三个方面。在气候极端化背景下推动粮食体系韧性治理,其实质就是增强粮食体系对气候危机的抵御力,减缓气候变化对弱势群体的冲击。为构建更具气候韧性的全球粮食体系,应在粮食供给、获取和有效利用三个方面综合施策。气候变化也是影响中国粮食安全的主要因素,中国需在系统观的指导下,积极预防气候危机对粮食体系的冲击,以实现粮食安全可持续。

In most of security issues,food security is the area most directly and strongly affected by climate change.The impact of climate change on the global food system constitutes two linear logics.First,in the two-dimensional security framework of“climate plus food”,the stability of the food system is directly threaten by climate change.Next,in the three-dimensional security framework of“climate plus related issues plus food”,the resilience of the food system is indirectly weakened by third-party security area,such as bio-safety and health security.Specifically,the challenges posed by climate change to the resilience governance of the global food system are mainly reflected in three aspects:constraining food production and transportation,weakening consumer access to food,and reducing individual nutrient intake.The essence of promoting resilient governance of the food system in the context of climate extremes is to enhance its resilience to climate crises and mitigate the impact of climate change on vulnerable groups.In order to build a global food system with more climate resilience,countries should take comprehensive measures from three aspects,including food supply,food access,and food utilization.Climate change is also a major factor affecting China's food security.China should take positive measures to tackle the negative effect of climate crisis on the food system under the guidance of a systematic perspective,in order to achieve sustainable food security.