山苍子油枯残渣核油提取工艺及成分分析

Extraction technology and component analysis of kernel oil from oil withered residue of Litsea cubeba

为开发利用山苍子油枯残渣核油,采用石油醚超声波直接提取残渣核油,分别考察了提取时间、超声功率和石油醚与山苍子油枯残渣粉末液料比对山苍子油枯残渣核油得率的影响。以单因素试验结果为依据,运用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件设计Box-Behnken响应面并进行数据分析,进一步优化山苍子油枯残渣核油超声波直接提取工艺。结果表明,3个因素对核油得率的影响大小依次为液料比、超声功率、提取时间。最佳提取工艺为,提取时间9.99 min,超声功率306.39 W,液料比9.97∶1.00(mL∶g),该条件下核油得率可达38.91%。通过验证试验发现,试验提取率为38.74%,与预测值相对标准偏差为0.11%,说明响应面优化的山苍子油枯残渣核油超声波直接提取工艺可靠。同时,对从残渣核油中提取得到的油脂进行分析,检测出11种脂肪酸成分,月桂酸含量占比34.27%。

This study aims to improve the kernel oil extraction from the oil withered residue of Litsea cubeba.Direct extraction of kernel oil from the residue was performed using petroleum ether and ultrasonic waves.The effects of extraction time,ultrasonic power,and the ratio of petroleum ether to powdered L.cubeba residue(liquid-material ratio) on the oil yield were individually investigated.Single-factor experiment results were then used to design the Box-Behnken response surface,and data analysis was conducted using Design-Expert 8.0.6 software to optimize the ultrasonic direct extraction process further.The study results showed that the three factors influencing the oil yield,in order of significance,are the liquid-material ratio,ultrasonic power,and extraction time.The optimal extraction process was determined to have an extraction time of 9.99 minutes,an ultrasonic power of 306.39 watts,and a liquid-material ratio of 9.97∶1.00(mL∶g).Under these conditions,the kernel oil yield from the residue of L.cubeba can reach 38.91%.Validation experiments indicated an experimental extraction rate of 38.74%,with a relative standard deviation of 0.11% compared to the predicted value.This demonstrates the reliability of the optimized ultrasonic direct extraction process.Additionally,the analysis of the fatty acid components extracted from the residual kernel of L.cubeba revealed 11 types of fatty acids,with lauric acid accounting for 34.27% of the total content.