革兰氏阴性菌外膜囊泡在抗肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

Research Progress of Gram-negative Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles in Anti-tumor Therapy

革兰氏阴性菌释放的细胞外囊泡源于细胞最外层膜,被称为外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicles,OMVs),含有磷脂、脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)、外膜蛋白(outer membrane proteins,OMPs)和细菌特异性抗原等细菌外膜成分。鉴于OMVs的纳米中空结构、高度的免疫原性以及有效激活宿主免疫系统等功能,其作为免疫佐剂、肿瘤免疫治疗剂及抗肿瘤药物递送载体和肿瘤疫苗方面具有良好的应用前景。从OMVs的结构组成、形成机制和抗肿瘤应用等方面综述OMVs进行靶向和免疫治疗肿瘤的潜力,为临床上抗肿瘤治疗开发新的策略。

Gram-negative bacteria release extracellular vesicles originating from the outermost membrane of the cell,called outer membrane vesicles(OMVs),which contain bacterial outer membrane components such as phospholipids,lipopolysaccharide(LPS),outer membrane proteins(OMPs),and bacterial-specific antigens.In view of the nano hollow structure,high immunogenicity and effectively activate the host immune system,OMVs have good application prospects as immune adjuvants,tumor immunotherapeutic agents,and delivery vectors for anti tumor drugs and tumor vaccines.The potential of OMVs for targeting and immunotherapy of tumors is reviewed in terms of their structural composition,formation mechanism,and anti-tumor applications,and develops new strategies for clinical anti-tumor therapy.