天然气管容分配机制:欧美经验与中国探索

Gas pipeline capacity allocation mechanism:Practices in U.S.and EU,and implications for China

自2019年成立国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司后,中国天然气管输市场运行模式由此发生了巨大的变化,制定高效、合理的管容分配制度,是中国天然气市场管网独立高质量推进的核心,对我国天然气产业的市场化改革具有重要意义。美国和欧盟等天然气成熟市场的管容分配制度建设较早,其改革经验可以为中国天然气管容分配制度的改革和优化提供参考和借鉴。为此,全面梳理了美国和欧盟天然气管道管容分配机制的发展历程和特点,并与中国现行管理机制进行了比较。研究结果表明:(1)目前中国管容分配政策设计符合天然气产业发展实际需求;(2)与美国、欧盟等天然气成熟市场相比,中国天然气管容分配在交易平台机制、两级市场机制、平衡管理机制和分配监管机制等方面仍具有一定的完善空间。结论认为,中国天然气管容分配机制需要从以下几个方面进行完善:(1)健全相关法律法规和政策;(2)分阶段推进管输定价改革;(3)建立管容两级交易市场;(4)设计管容分配平台的拍卖机制;(5)实现平衡的精细化管理。

Since the establishment of China Oil&Gas Pipeline Network Corporation in 2019,the operation mode of China's gas pipeline market has changed profoundly.Under this context,an efficient and rational gas pipeline capacity allocation mechanism will be essential for independently and excellently promoting the gas pipeline network in China and be greatly significant for the market-oriented reform of China's gas industry.Developed gas markets such as the U.S.and EU,where the gas pipeline capacity allocation mechanism has been built earlier,can be referential for China in reforming and optimizing the gas pipeline capacity allocation mechanism.This paper reviews the evolution and characteristics of gas pipeline capacity allocation mechanism in the U.S.and EU,and makes a comparison with China's existing gas pipeline capacity allocation mechanism.The following research results are obtained.First,China's existing gas pipeline capacity allocation strategy aligns with the actual need of gas industry.Second,China's gas pipeline network is somewhat inferior to those in the U.S.and EU in terms of trading platform mechanism,two-tier market mechanism,balanced management mechanism and allocation supervision mechanism.It is concluded that China's gas pipeline capacity allocation mechanism can be improved by:(1)keeping applicable laws,regulations and policies in place;(2)promoting the tariff reform by stages;(3)setting a two-tier capacity trading market;(4)designing an auction mechanism for the pipeline capacity allocation platform;and(5)performing a balanced fine management.