基于InVEST模型的赫章县生境质量时空演变分析

Analysis of Spatiotemporal Evolution of Habitat Quality in Hezhang County Based on InVEST Model

生境质量是区域生态系统服务功能的重要表征,土地利用变化会导致生境质量变化,研究长时序下土地利用变化引起的生境质量演变规律对于维持生态系统服务、构建与维护区域生态安全格局具有重要作用。基于近12年土地利用变化情况,利用ArcGIS结合InVEST模型和数理统计方法对赫章县2010~2022年生境质量演变的特征进行了分析,结果表明:①赫章县的主要地类为林地,其次为耕地;建设用地扩张迅速,研究期内增长了271%;土地利用类型的变换主要表现为耕地、林地和建设用地间的流转,耕地面积呈下降趋势,主要流向了林地和建设用地;②研究期内赫章县整体生境质量水平呈现下降趋势,生境质量等级以中级、较低级为主,生境质量变化与土地利用变化关系密切;③生境退化度呈现减小后增大趋势。生境高度退化区向外蔓延主要是由于赫章县土地利用强度逐渐提升,建设用地面积向外扩张,距离城区较近的耕地、水域易受到建设用地扩张等因素影响向高度退化发展;④生境质量在空间上呈现出明显的集聚特征,2010年主要呈现出生境质量“高—高”聚集,2016年和2022年主要呈现“高—低”聚集,中部、东北部和东南部生境质量差异性逐渐减弱,该区域的生境质量逐步稳定。

Habitat quality is an important representation of regional ecosystem service functions.Land use changes can lead to changes in habitat quality.Studying the evolution patterns of habitat quality caused by long-term land use changes plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem services as well as constructing and maintaining regional ecological security patterns.Based on the land use change in recent 12 years,this paper uses ArcGIS combined with InVEST model and mathematical statistics to analyze the characteristics of habitat quality evolution in Hezhang County from 2010 to 2022.The results show that:①the main land type in Hezhang County is forest land,followed by cultivated land;The expansion of construction land is rapid,with an increase of 271%during the research period;The transformation of land use types mainly manifests as the transfer among cultivated land,forest land,and construction land.The area of cultivated land shows a downward trend and mainly flows to forest land and construction land;②During the research period,the overall habitat quality level of Hezhang County showed a downward trend,with the habitat quality level mainly being intermediate and lower.The changes in habitat quality are closely related to land use changes;③The degree of habitat degradation shows a decreasing and then increasing trend.The outward spread of highly degraded habitats is mainly due to the gradual increase in land use intensity and the expansion of construction land area in Hezhang County.Cultivated land and water bodies close to the urban area are easily affected by factors such as construction land expansion and development towards high degradation;④Habitat quality shows a clear clustering feature in space.In 2010,it mainly exhibited a"high-high"clustering of habitat quality,while in 2016 and 2022,it mainly exhibited a"high-low"clustering.The differences in habitat quality in the central,northeastern,and southeastern regions gradually weakened,and the habitat quality in the region gradually stabilized.