红外相机技术在自然保护地野生动物清查评估中的应用

Application of Infrared Camera Technology in Wildlife Inventory and Evaluation in Nature Reserves

红外相机技术的出现为野生动物、自然保护区等的监测创造了优势条件,有利于野生动物观测数据的收集应用。为进一步明确红外相机技术在自然保护地野生动物清查与评估中的应用效果,以镇康南捧河省级自然保护区作为研究区域,于2022年11月至2023年1月利用红外相机技术在保护区内进行了调查研究。此次研究共布设了120个红外相机点位,累计拍摄了92 d,共收获兽类独立有效照片3205张,鸟类2360张。按照《中国兽类名录》《中国鸟类分布与名录》《国家重点保护野生动物名录》进行鉴别后,保护区内共有兽类4目12科22种,鸟类6目16科30种,包括国家一级保护动物15种(如蜂猴、熊猴、豚尾猴等),国家二级保护动物37种(如巨松鼠、雀鹰、黑翅鸢、白腹锦鸡等),与保护区2021年度野生动物记录比较,此次调查新增了5种鸟兽物种。并且,保护区4个片区内兽类物种相似指数为0.73,鸟类物种相似指数为0.63,总物种相似指数为0.68,说明保护区野生动物物种相似性较高。可见,红外相机在自然保护地野生动物清查与评估工作中可发挥出较好的应用效果,还可加大该技术在物种调研工作中的使用力度。

The emergence of infrared camera technology has created advantageous conditions for monitoring wildlife,nature reserves,and other areas,which is conducive to the collection and application of wildlife observation data.In order to further clarify the application effect of infrared camera technology in the inventory and evaluation of wildlife in natural reserves,the Zhenkang Nanpanghe Provincial Nature Reserve was selected as the research area,and infrared camera technology was used for investigation and research within the reserve from November 2022 to January 2023.In this study,a total of 120 infrared camera locations were deployed,and a total of 92 days were taken.A total of 3205 independent and effective photos of mammals and 2360 photos of birds were collected.After identification according to the China Mammals List,China Bird Distribution and List,and National Key Protected Wildlife List,there are a total of 22 species of mammals in 4 orders,12 families,and 6 orders,16 families,and 30 species of birds in the protected area,including 15 species of national first-class protected animals(such as bee monkeys,bear monkeys,pufferfish tailed monkeys,etc.),and 37 species of national second-class protected animals(such as giant squirrels,sparrow eagles,black winged kites,and white bellied golden pheasants,etc.).Compared with the wildlife records from the previous year in the protected area,this survey added 5 new bird and beast species.Moreover,the similarity index of animal species in the four areas of the protected area is 0.73;the similarity index of bird species is 0.63,and the total similarity index is 0.68,indicating a high similarity of wild animal species in the protected area.It can be seen that infrared cameras can play a good role in the inventory and evaluation of wildlife in nature reserves,and can once again increase the use of this technology in species research work.