吡虫啉毒性作用机制及治疗进展

Advances in the mechanism and treatment of imidacloprid toxicity

吡虫啉是一种新型烟碱类杀虫剂,其杀虫机制是选择性抑制昆虫神经系统烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体,导致昆虫麻痹而死亡。吡虫啉具有低毒、高效特征,对有机磷、氨基甲酸酯类农药产生耐药性的昆虫的防治效果良好。虽然吡虫啉安全性高,但随着吡虫啉在农业生产中应用逐渐增多,人畜中毒事件频繁出现。同时发现中毒患者的临床特征以及中毒后并发症多样,容易出现延迟诊断、误诊或漏诊。本研究基于在临床上对吡虫啉中毒患者的诊治经验以及近几年国内外的研究成果,对吡虫啉的毒性作用及其治疗方案进行总结,以助于提高患者生存率。

As a neonicotinoid insecticide,imidacloprid acts selectively on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the insect nervous system,resulting in insect paralysis and death.Imidacloprid has the characteristics of low toxicity and high efficiency,and has a good effect on organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides-resistant insects.Although imidacloprid has the advantage of high safety,with the increasing application of imidacloprid in agricultural production,human and animal poisoning incidents occur frequently.It has been found that the clinical characteristics and complications of the poisoned patients are diverse,which makes them prone to delayed diagnosis,misdiagnosis,or missed diagnosis.This study summarizes and discusses the mechanism of imidacloprid toxicity and the clinical treatment plans based on the clinical experience of the authors in treating imidacloprid-poisoned patients and the research results at home and abroad in recent years,in order to help improve the survival rate of patients.