城乡融合视域下扩大农村内需的潜力与路径

Expanding Rural Demand from an Urban-Rural Integration Perspective:Potentials and Pathways

实施扩大内需战略的潜力后劲、重点难点在农村。扩大农村内需是促进城乡经济循环,增强国内大循环内生动力的关键。未来,只要城乡居民收入保持合理增速,农村居民消费支出增速会持续高于城市居民。同时,建设农业强国、宜居宜业和美乡村蕴藏着巨量的投资需求,乡村产业高质量发展也会激发更多城乡居民的新消费需求。但受农村居民城乡两栖影响,农村内需潜力被城乡融合发展短板制约而难以释放。这些制约因素突出表现在农村居民收入结构性降速、稳定性不足,农村居民存在社会保障短板,乡村产业发展层次低、供给弱,乡村基础设施建设投入转化能力不足,面向城市居民的产品和服务供给不足等方面。要持续扩大农村内需,应在城乡融合视域下,瞄准实现城乡居民美好生活,围绕农村居民持续增收和生活提质,采取多元化路径和组合式政策工具,拓展农民持续增收渠道,推动农村消费市场升级,优化乡村建设投入机制,推动乡村产业高质量发展,建立起扩大农村内需的有效制度体系,畅通城乡经济循环通道,推动农业农村现代化有效融入国内经济大循环。

The countryside is both a priority and a challenge in China’s efforts to increase domestic demand.The growth of rural demand is essential in strengthening urban-rural and broader domestic economic circulations.The consumer spending of rural households will expand faster than that of urban households if their incomes grow at a reasonable rate.China’s efforts to become an agricultural powerhouse and to create a livable countryside is expected to turbocharge investment demand,and quality-oriented rural industrial development will unleash more urban and rural consumer demand.However,barriers to urban-rural integration have stifled rural consumer demand.These barriers are reflected in the deceleration and instability of the growth of income of the urban and rural households,social security gaps for rural residents,insufficient rural industrial development,insufficient rural supply capacity,and insufficient rural infrastructure revenues,as well as an undersupply of goods and services for rural residents.Rural consumer demand should be increased for the betterment of life for urban and rural residents under urban-rural integration.The government should adopt a combination of policy paths and instruments to increase rural incomes and boost rural demand,upgrade the rural consumer market,and encourage investment in rural development.Agriculture and the countryside should effectively integrate into the broader domestic economic circulation to smooth urban-rural economic circulation.