欧美银行监管改革进程、主要困境及前景研究

A Study on the Process,Main Difficulties and Prospects of Banking Regulatory Reform in EU and America

2008年金融危机以来,欧美国家普遍加强银行监管,更新监管框架,构建相对完备且成体系的银行监管体系,提升银行监管效力和金融稳健性。但是欧美国家的银行监管并非无懈可击,不仅存在短板和缺陷,面临复杂多变的宏观环境,而且银行经营生态和模式的变化将对银行监管提出更多的现实挑战,迫切需要启动新一轮银行监管改革。本文认为,过去十余年欧美国家的银行监管整体上成效显著,监管制度日益健全,监管工具更加丰富。面对新的内外部形势,以及潜在的银行风险上升趋势,银行监管难度加大,治理成本也大幅提高。本文提出进一步深化银行监管改革,维护银行监管独立性,提升银行监管覆盖面,提高银行监管前瞻性,增强国际银行监管协调等。欧美国家的银行监管机构既要持续提高银行监管的效力和效用,也要加快探索推进防范银行潜在风险、处置化解银行危机等监管机制建设。

Since the 2008 financial crisis,European and American countries have generally strengthened bank supervision,updated regulatory frameworks,and built relatively complete and systematic bank supervision systems to enhance the effectiveness of bank supervision and financial stability.However,banking supervision in European and American countries is not flawless.There are not only shortcomings and deficiencies,but also more complex and ever-changing macro environments.Moreover,changes in the banking ecosystem and models will pose more practical challenges to banking supervision,and there is an urgent need to launch a new round of banking supervision reform.This article believes that over the past decade,the overall banking supervision in European and American countries has achieved positive results,with increasingly sound regulatory systems and richer regulatory tools.However,in the face of new internal and external situations,as well as new trends in potential bank risks,such as the rise of non-traditional financial risks,digital and social network effects amplifying risks,and corporate governance deficiencies of banking institutions themselves,the combined factors have led to increased difficulty in bank supervision and a significant increase in governance costs.This article proposes the need to further deepen banking regulatory reform,maintain the independence of banking regulation,enhance the coverage of banking regulation,enhance the foresight of banking regulation,and enhance international banking regulatory coordination to expand new regulatory frameworks.This article proposes that banking regulatory agencies in European and American countries should not only continuously improve the effectiveness and effectiveness of banking supervision,but also accelerate the exploration and promotion of regulatory mechanisms such as preventing potential risks in banks and resolving bank crises.