有氧运动对帕金森疾病神经反应抑制的改善机制及方法探讨

Discussion on the Improvement Mechanism and Methods of Aerobic Exercise on the Inhibition of Neural Response in Parkinson's Disease

帕金森病是一种进行性的神经退行性疾病,并且不可治愈,与年龄增加呈正相关。帕金森病的病理特征是黑质致密部多巴胺神经元的丢失,并伴有不同脑区神经元中的丝状蛋白包涵体出现,即路易小体,路易小体主要由α-突触核蛋白的寡聚沉积形成。黑质致密部神经元的丧失导致纹状体多巴胺含量降低,伴随而来的是经典的运动障碍,同时伴随非多巴胺能神经元在疾病中的演化,导致多巴胺抵抗症状。运动干预后帕金森患者额叶顶叶区域的激活增加。额叶皮层容易受到运动诱导的可塑性的影响,这可能是减缓大脑衰老进程的一种方式。有氧运动作为慢性病医疗管理的核心组成部分,针对帕金森疾病,运动训练可作为辅助治疗手段,有氧运动不仅能提高皮质纹状体的可塑性,还能增加多巴胺的释放。近年来,有氧运动已在帕金森疾病的辅助治疗中得到应用。

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and is not curable,and it is positively correlated with increasing age.The pathological feature of Parkinson's disease is the loss of dopamine neurons in the dense substantia nigra,accompanied by the appearance of filamentous protein inclusion bodies in neurons of different brain regions,known as Lewy bodies,which are formed mainly by oligomeric deposits ofα-synuclein.The loss of neurons in the dense substantia nigra leads to a decrease in striatal dopamine content,accompanied by classical dyskinesia and the evolution of non-dopaminergic neurons in the disease,and leads to dopamine-resistant symptoms.The activation in frontoparietal regions of Parkinson's patients increases after exercise intervention.The frontal cortex is susceptible to exercise-induced plasticity,which may be a way to slow down the aging process in the brain.Aerobic exercise is a core component of medical management of chronic diseases,and exercise training can be used as an adjunctive therapy for Parkinson's disease.Aerobic exercise can not only improve the plasticity of cortical striatum,but also increase the release of dopamine.In recent years,aerobic exercise has been used in the adjunctive treatment of Parkinson's disease.