人工智能对劳动力就业的影响——基于空间溢出的视角

Research on the Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Labor Force Employment--From the Perspective of Space Spillover

当前,人工智能技术的理论和应用飞速发展,逐渐成为新一轮科技进步和产业变革的核心力量,对人类的生活产生了深刻的影响。从空间溢出的视角,建立三种空间权重矩阵,运用面板数据模型和空间杜宾模型研究中国31个省(自治区、直辖市)2010—2019年间人工智能发展对我国就业规模和就业结构的影响。研究结果表明:我国的劳动力就业和人工智能发展具有空间自相关的特征;人工智能发展对我国就业规模具有显著的促进效应和正向的空间溢出效应;人工智能对我国就业结构的影响呈现出向“高级化”方向发展的促进效应和向“两极化”方向发展的空间溢出效应。

At present,the theory and application of artificial intelligence technology are developing rapidly,and gradually become the core force of a new round of scientific and technological progress and industrial reform,which has a profound impact on human life.From the perspective of spatial spillover,the author establishes three types of spatial weight matrices,and uses panel data model and spatial Dobbin model to study the impact of the development of artificial intelligence in 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central govern-ment)on China's employment scale and employment structure from 2010 to 2019.The results show that the employ-ment of labor force and the development of artificial intelligence in China have the characteristics of spatial autocor-relation,that the development of artificial intelligence has a significant promoting effect and positive spatial spillover effect on the scale of employment in China and that the impact of artificial intelligence on China's employment struc-ture shows the promotion effect of developing towards"the high-grade"and the spatial spillover effect of developing towards"polarization".