生鲜农产品供应链的保鲜投入和货架服务优化决策及其协调契约研究

An Optimized Coordination Model of Freshness-Keeping Efforts and Shelf Service for Fresh Produce Supply Chain

全程保鲜和货架服务是改善生鲜农产品供应链绩效的有效途径,但需要权衡与其关联的成本投入和收益产出。本文基于市场需求是保鲜投入水平和货架服务水平联合函数的假设,研究生鲜农产品供应链全局最优决策及其系统协调问题。研究显示,全局最优保鲜投入水平和货架服务水平存在且唯一,但各参与企业从自身利润最优角度出发均有积极性偏离全局最优决策。为此,本文设计一个兼具收益共享和成本共担属性的协调性契约,在此契约激励下,企业的决策行为趋同供应链全局最优决策,且每个企业均实现帕累托改进。最优利润的参数灵敏性分析显示,供应链全局最优利润与价格敏感系数、价格零售价格、自然衰减系数和提前期呈负相关性,而与新鲜度敏感系数及货架服务敏感系数呈正相关性。这表明,适度地降低价格或者诱导消费者降低价格敏感度是提高系统利润的途径;同时,提高生鲜农产品在物流系统中转运速度也有益于改善整体利润。研究结果为降低生鲜农产品产后环节耗损和提高供应链系统利润提供参考依据。

The loss of fresh produce after post-production is very high,and both the whole life-cycle freshness keeping efforts and shelf service effort can effectively improve the fresh produce supply chain performance.However,firms need to weight the cost investments and benefit returns associated with efforts.In this paper,the market demand is assumed to be a joint function of freshness-keeping levels and shelf service levels.A mathematical model and numerical simulation are used to investigate the fresh produce supply chain's globally optimal decision-making and system coordination.First,a centralized decision model is constructed,which provides a reference benchmark for the decentralized decisions of suppliers and retailers;then,a sequential game model of suppliers and retailers is discussed;finally,a coordinative contract is constructed from a firm Pareto improvement perspective.The investigation shows that the global optimal freshness-keeping levels and the shelf service levels exist uniquely,but each participating firm is motivated to deviate from the globally optimal decision from its own profit-optimal perspective.Therefore,a coordinated contract with both revenue sharing and cost-bearing attributes is designed.The decision-making behavior of the firms converges to the globally optimal decision of the supply chain,and each firm achieves Pareto improvement.Parametric sensitivity analysis of optimal profit shows that optimal global profit is negatively correlated with some key parameters(such as price sensitivity coefficient,price retail price,natural decay coefficient,and lead time).However,the optimal global profit is positively correlated with the freshness sensitivity coefficient and shelf life service sensitivity coefficient.The results indicate that moderately reducing prices or inducing consumers to reduce price sensitivity is a way to improve system profits.Meanwhile,increasing the speed of fresh produce transfer in the logistics system is also beneficial to improve overall profits.The management insights provide a reference for reducing post-production losses of fresh agricultural products and improving the profitability of the supply chain system.