集聚如何影响南北方创业活动?——来自高频全量企业大数据的证据

How does Agglomeration Affect Entrepreneurial Activities in the North and South?Evidence from High Frequency Full Enterprise Big Data

创业可以激发北方经济活力,解决南北方经济差异持续扩大的问题。但在缺乏全行业和中小微企业数据背景下,尚无研究对所有创业群体行为进行深入分析,导致区域发展不平衡问题始终缺乏一个稳妥且科学的应对方案。本文首度采用高频全量企业大数据,构建了我国277个城市的产业集聚指标,深入研究了集聚对南北方全量企业创业活动的影响,发现集聚能够促进城市创业。南方集聚边际效应要大于北方。这与集聚在南北方的作用机制有关。制度环境对集聚效应具有调节作用。在生产要素不断“南流”趋势下,北方地区的政府需要积极主动地创造合理的制度环境,引导企业家和劳动力“回流”集群,实现专业化协同下的产业发展与结构升级。本文是海量数据助力政府实现治理现代化和区域发展科学布局的一个重要尝试。本文结论还对推进大众创业万众创新和多渠道就业具有启发性意义。

Entrepreneurship can be used to stimulate the economic vitality of the north and solve the north-south development problem.However,in the absence of the whole industry and SME data,there is no in-depth analysis in previous literature of all entrepreneurial groups’behaviors,leading to the lack of a scientific solution to the regional development imbalance issue.Using the high-frequency full enterprise big data,industrial agglomeration indicators of 277 cities in China are constructed.The impact of agglomeration on total enterprise entrepreneurship is studied,and the regulating effect of institutions on entrepreneurship is analyzed.It is found that agglomeration can promote the city's entrepreneurship.The marginal effect of agglomeration in the south is greater than that in the north.This is related to the mechanism of agglomeration.Institutional environment has a moderating effect on agglomeration.Based on the trend of production factors flowing to the south,the northern government needs to use preferential policies and to create a loose institutional environment making entrepreneurs back to the cluster,so as to realize the industrial structure upgrading in the specialization.It is an important attempt for this paper to realize the modernization of governance and make scientific arrangements for regional development with the massive data.Our finding is also instructive to promote the mass entrepreneurship and innovation,and to increase the multi-channel employment.