南极冰盖物质平衡变化的卫星遥感监测现状与发展趋势

Advances in satellite remote sensing monitoring of Antarctic Ice Sheet mass changes

南极冰盖物质平衡对全球海平面变化影响巨大,提高南极冰盖物质平衡估算精度对实现全球海平面变化趋势准确预测至关重要.卫星遥感技术的发展,特别是极地卫星对南极冰盖系统监测能力的提升,有助于认识、保护和利用南极,解决极地科学国际前沿难题.揭示南极冰盖对全球气候环境的响应及其反馈机制,对深化人类对南极的科学认知也具有重要意义.本文首先系统总结了用于南极冰盖监测卫星的发展现状及现有的卫星遥感数据产品序列,然后讨论了运用遥感卫星监测南极物质平衡的主要方法和研究进展,并对南极卫星遥感技术的最新进展进行了分析.最后在我国极地遥感卫星发展方面提出了建议,旨在进一步提升我国对极地冰盖变化和全球海平面上升的长期观测及预测能力,为相关应对策略的制定提供有力的科学支撑.

The Antarctic Ice Sheet's mass balance has a significant impact on global sea level change.Improving the precision of mass balance estimation over the entire Antarctic Ice Sheet is critical for predicting global sea level rise.The advancement of satellite technology,particularly polar observation satellites,will help us understand and protect the ice sheet.Studying the Antarctic Ice Sheet's response to the global climate change and its feedback mechanism is also critical for increasing the scientific understanding of Antarctica.This review paper summarizes the development of various Antarctic monitoring satellites as well as remote sensing data products that are currently available.At the same time,it discusses techniques for satellite monitoring and estimation methods for mass balance in Antarctica.Finally,recommendations for satellite observation techniques and methodology development are provided to improve the capability of long-term monitoring and prediction of ice sheet changes.