基于乡村水塘的生态网络构建及优化调控

Construction and Optimal Regulation of a Rural Pond Ecological Network

鉴于乡村水塘长期得不到重视与保护而导致水塘景观逐渐丧失的现状,通过构建水塘景观生态网络并优化调控途径,对区域水塘景观规划和生态保护具有重要意义。以重庆市梁平区仁贤镇为例,基于2019年遥感影像和高程数据,运用空间统计分析、景观格局指数、水文分析及最小累积阻力模型等方法,探讨水塘空间分布规律并构建水塘景观生态网络。结果表明:(1)水塘空间分布受海拔、坡度和聚落等因素影响,集中分布于低海拔(420.00~447.74m)、低坡度(0~6°)、邻近聚落(0~40m)区域;(2)构建水生态网络和生境网络以提供水塘连通性,水塘斑块、汇水节点、自然水系及雨水径流共同构成水生态网络体系,其中雨水径流282条,汇水节点199个,目前仅有40个水塘位于汇水节点处;生境网络体系中,潜在生态廊道351条,主要由农田与林地构成;(3)水塘景观生态优化调控途径可从空间配置、生态网络、生境质量及景观构成4个方面进行。研究结果可为水塘景观保护、小微湿地建设及乡村环境改善提供参考。

A long-term lack of attention and protection of ponds has led to their gradual loss.It is therefore important to delineate ecological networks of ponds and propose an optimal regulatory path for regional pond landscape planning and protection.In this study,Renxian Town in Liangping district of Chongqing City was selected for a case study,and we explored the spatial distribution of ponds in the area and delineated the ecological network of ponds using spatial statistical analysis,landscape pattern indexing,hydrological analysis,landscape gradient analysis and a minimum consumption distance model.On this basis,a pond landscape ecological regulation approach was optimized for each pond,along with the current situation of the pond.The study was based on remote sensing imagery and elevation data in 2019 of Liangping district,and factors from nature,production and society aspects were selected for the analysis of the spatial distribution of the ponds.Results show that:(1)The spatial distribution of ponds was deeply influenced by factors such as elevation,slope and settle-ments,and the ponds were concentrated in areas of low elevation(420.00-447.74 m),low slope(0-6°)and adjacent settlements(0-40 m);(2)The construction of an aquatic ecological and habitat network aimed to provide water pond connectivity.Pond patches,catchment nodes,natural water systems and stormwater runoff together constituted the water ecological network.There were 282 rainwater run-offs and 199 catchment nodes in the ecological network,and only 40 ponds were in the catchment nodes at present.In the habitat network system,there were 351 potential ecological corridors,primari-ly made up of agricultural land and woodland;(3)The ecological regulation of pond landscapes should be optimized from four aspects:reasonable spatial configuration,ecological network connectiv-ity,high quality habitat and landscape composition.Our research results provide a reference for man-aging and protecting pond landscapes,constructing micro-wetlands and improving the rural environ-ment.