从局外人到局内人:博士新生的学业困境与应对过程

From Outsider to Insider: The Predicament and Coping of Doctoral Freshmen

博士新生如何应对学业困境对其后续发展具有关键作用,是其社会化的核心环节。本研究采用扎根理论的方法,分析了53名博士新生的学习经历。研究发现博士新生可能由于动力缺失、任务过难、环境干扰、资源不足、情感冲击,而在学业层面遭遇缺乏方向、难以投入和反馈消极的困难。当学业困难所产生的负面情绪强烈到能够影响博士生的日常学习时,博士生就陷入学业困境。陷入困境后博士生可能会采取调整投入、调节情绪、寻求帮助等方式积极应对,也可能会采取逃避拖延、放任情绪、自我孤立等方式消极应对。消极应对的博士生,往往会处于拖延和突击交替的状态,使得困境随着时间的推移进一步恶化。积极应对的博士生,可能会通过自我知觉的改善和积极的阶段性结果形成正向反馈,逐步摆脱困境,促进其从局外人向局内人的转化;也可能会由于没有得到及时和足够的正向反馈,转而采取消极的应对方式,不仅没有摆脱困境,反而会陷入更深的困境。

The predicament and coping strategies of doctoral freshmen play a crucial role in their subsequent development and socialization.In this study,we analyzed the learning experiences of 53 doctoral freshmen using grounded theory.We found that due to a lack of motivation,difficult tasks,environmental interference,resource insufficiency,and emotional impact,doctoral freshmen may fall into a predicament characterized by a loss of direction,difficulty in effort,and negative feedback when negative emotions resulting from academic difficulties take hold.After falling into a predicament,doctoral students may adopt positive coping strategies such as adjusting their effort,emotions,and seeking help.Conversely,they may also adopt negative coping strategies such as avoiding tasks,procrastination,indulging in emotions,and self-isolation.Doctoral students who adopt negative coping strategies tend to remain in a state of struggle and procrastination,which further worsens the predicament over time.On the other hand,doctoral students who adopt positive coping strategies may obtain positive feedback through the improvement of self-perception and good results,enabling them to regain their footing,transform from outsiders to insiders,and develop a routine.However,these same students may fall into deeper predicaments when faced with negative feedback.