法国人工智能时代高等教育改革新趋势——基于马克龙政府“国家人工智能战略”系列文本的分析

The New Direction of Higher Education in the Era of Artificial Intelligence in France--Analysis Based on Series of National Artificial Intelligence Strategic Reports of the Emmanuel Macron Administration

为加速科技创新,法国于2018年和2021年先后颁布“国家人工智能战略”。基于对全球科技创新格局主导机制的理性认知、法国科学研究优势的科学判断及增强人工智能人才培养质量的现实需求,法国将高等教育作为“国家人工智能战略”的主要推动者,同时赋予高等教育加快培养适应智能时代的劳动力,构建灵活开放的人工智能研究生态系统的时代使命。在该使命的驱动下,法国加快改革高等教育的具体行动路径为:增设人工智能相关学位的授予名额,增加人工智能人才的供给;优化制度环境,完善人工智能教育教师服务体系;聚焦课程教学,普及人工智能素养教育;创新组织机制,提升人工智能研究效益。人工智能时代法国高等教育改革的新动向体现出坚持国家统筹规划、强调交叉融合培养人工智能人才、秉持合作共赢的人工智能研究理念及搭建高效普惠的服务体系等特点。

To accelerate technological innovation,enhance the vitality of foundation research and cultivate international artificial intelligence talents,France has launched National Artificial Intelligence Strategy in 2018 and 2021.Based on the rational knowledge of global technology roadmap,scientific judgement about the strength of scientific research and the realistic need of cultivating artificial intelligence talents,French regards higher education as the significant enablers of National Artificial Intelligence Strategy,which empowered higher education system to cultivate labor workforce in the era of aritificial intelligence and construct a flexible and open research ecosystem,many French universities would accelerate the higher education reform.The specific measures contain adding artificial intelligence degree for master and doctor,making better system environment for teacher service,focusing on curriculum teaching to enhance literacy in artificial intelligence and creating organization to enhance research output and efficiency.The new direction of French higher education reform in the era of artificial intelligence indicate the necessity of integrated plan,the must of knowledge cross-fusion,the sticking in research cooperation for double-win and the significance of implementing effective and excellent education service.