指向胜任力培养的教师教育——来自俄罗斯高师院校的课程改革探索

Competence-based Teacher Education:Curriculum Reform Exploration from Russian Higher Normal Universities

持续推进指向胜任力培养的职前教师教育课程改革是俄罗斯提升教师培养质量、打造高素质专业化教师队伍的重要举措。秉持“实践取向”的教师教育理念,俄罗斯高师院校积极探索“胜任力导向”的教师培养,构建由一般文化胜任力、一般职业胜任力和专业胜任力组成的教师胜任力模型,以有效解决教师教育中理论知识与专业实践脱节的现实难题。俄罗斯高师院校课程改革提出“知识”“能力”和“习惯”三位一体的教学目标,通过模块化课程设置,实现专业性课程与师范性课程的深度融合,以“任务”为纽带组织教学落实行动导向,并以“任务完成度”作为胜任力评价工具,强调体现对话理念的师生双向“反馈”。

Continously promoting the reform of pre-service teacher education curriculum aimed at the cultivation of competency is an important measure for Russia to improve the quality of teacher training and build a high-quality professional teacher team.Under the guidance of the"practice-oriented"teacher education concept,normal universities in Russia continue to promote the"competence-based"teacher education curriculum reform,which exploring the construction of a teacher competency model composed of general cultural competence,general occupational competence and professional competence,proposing the teaching objectives of"knowledge","ability"and"habit",realizing the deep integration of subject courses and courses of educational subjects through modular curriculum setting,organizing teaching with"tasks"as the link to implement action orientation,and using"task completion"as a competency evaluation tool,emphasizing the two-way"feedback"of teachers and students that embodies the concept of dialogue.It provides a useful reference for effectively solving the practical problem of disconnection between theoretical knowledge and professional practice in teacher education.