论美国教师组织专业合法化的演进——以美国全国教育协会的发展为例

The Evolution of American Teacher Organizations'Professional Legitimation--Based on the Development of National Education Association of the United States

以美国全国教育协会为典型代表的美国教师组织自成立以来,其不断追求自身专业合法化的过程体现出了与教师、政府博弈与合作的关系。美国全国教育协会合法化的演进路径包括三种:一是19世纪中期到20世纪初以获得垄断性的专业话语权为典型的垄断型路径;二是20世纪前期至20世纪中期,以稳固学术性的专业地位为典型的学术型路径;三是20世纪末至今,以强化政治性的专业权力为典型的政治型路径。合法化的具体内容包括准入与资格、知识与技能、标准与评价、涉政与监管。这一专业合法化的演进遵循主体博弈性逻辑和价值统一性逻辑。

The American teacher organization,represented by the National Education Association of the United States,has been pursuing professional legalization since its establishment,which reflects its multi-agent game cooperation relationship with teachers and the government.The evolution paths of the professional legalization of NEA are multiple,including the monopoly path from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century,to obtain the monopoly professional discourse,the academic path from the early 20th century to the mid-20th century,to stabilize the academic professional position,and the political path from the end of the 20th century to now,to strengthen the political professional power.The process of professional legitimation includes access and qualification,knowledge and skills,standards and evaluation,politics and supervision,following the game logic and the value unity logic.