光标测技术在心脏电生理和心律失常研究中的应用

Application of optical mapping in cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias

光标测技术(optical mapping)自20世纪末问世以来已逐渐成为心脏电生理研究的重要技术,主要原因是:一方面,荧光探针技术和高分辨率采集技术不断发展;另一方面,单细胞和整体水平电生理技术已无法满足目前的研究需求。光标测技术具有较高的时空分辨率、广阔的采样面积和较小的损伤等特点,可以直观、动态显示心脏整体的电传导和钙处理的动力学改变,在研究心脏电生理和心律失常发生机制时发挥了重要作用。光标测技术的基本原理是将电压和钙敏感染料灌注到心脏各个细胞,使用荧光激发两种荧光染料,发射光经滤波处理后被相机同时获取,采集系统可同时获得心肌膜电位和钙瞬变的高通量数据。通过后续数据分析,可获得动作电位和钙瞬变多个电生理参数及二者的耦联关系以明确疾病模型或药物干预下的电生理特性,从而揭示心律失常的机制和用于抗心律失常药物筛选。本文旨在介绍光标测技术及在常见疾病模型下的数据分析和应用,并为抗心律失常药物的研究提供技术参考。

Since its emergence in the late 20th century,optical mapping has gradually become an important technique in cardiac electrophysiological research.This was mainly due to the continuous development of fluorescence probe technology and high-resolution sampling technology,as well as the fact that single-cell and whole-body electrophysiological techniques could no longer meet current research needs.Optical mapping has the characteristics of high spatiotemporal resolution,a wide sampling area,and small damage,which can visually and dynamically display the changes in the overall electrical conduction and calcium processing dynamics of the heart,playing an important role in the study of cardiac electrophysiology and the mechanism of arrhythmia.The basic principle of opti⁃cal mapping is to perfuse voltage-sensitive and calcium-sensitive dyes into various cells of the heart and use two fluorescent probes to capture and filter emitted light,allowing the acquisition system to simultaneously obtain high-throughput data on transmembrane poten⁃tial and calcium transients.Through subsequent data analysis,multiple electrophysiological parameters of action potentials and calcium transients,as well as their coupling relationships,can be obtained to clarify the electrophysiological properties of disease models or drug interventions,thereby revealing the mechanism of arrhythmia and screening anti-arrhythmic drugs.This review aimed to introduce the optical mapping technique and its data analysis and application in common disease models,providing technical reference for the study of antiarrhythmic drugs and the underlying mechanisms of arrhythmias.