民用大涵道比涡扇发动机高压压气机技术进展

Technology development in high pressure compressor of civil high bypass-ratio turbofan engine

大型客机无一例外地采用了大涵道比涡扇发动机作为其动力,国际民航市场的蓬勃发展促进了民用大涵道比涡扇发动机技术的飞速提升。作为核心部件的高压压气机具有高效率、高压比、高通流的“三高”特征,美国通用电气(GE)公司和普惠(PW)公司、英国罗·罗(RR)公司的高压压气机设计技术处于国际领先的水平。中国近年来依托2个国家科技重大专项,即“大型飞机重大专项”和“航空发动机及燃气轮机重大专项”开展了民用大涵道比涡扇发动机的研制,在高压压气机设计方面取得了一定的进展。对民用大涵道比涡扇发动机高压压气机的技术特点进行了剖析,评述了当前国内外此领域的技术发展水平、发展趋势,客观地指出国内在该领域面临的技术难点和挑战,期望能借鉴吸收国际先进的设计特征,对中国民用大涵道比涡扇发动机高压压气机领域的技术发展起到一定的启示作用。

The high bypass-ratio turbofan engines are chosen invariably to provide power and thrust for large passenger aircraft.The vigorous development of the international civil aviation market has promoted the rapid improvement of civil high bypass-ratio turbofan engine technology.As the core component of aero-engines,the high-pressure compressor has the“three highs”characteristics,high efficiency,high pressure ratio,and high mass flow.The American General Electric(GE)Company,Pratt&Whitney(PW)Company and the British Rolls-Royce(RR)Company remain international leading level in the high-pressure compressor design technology.In recent years,research and development concerning civil high bypass-ratio turbofan engine have been carried out based on two National Science and Technology Major Projects,i.e.,the Large Airplane Major Project and the Aircraft Engine and Gas Turbine Major Project.Thus,some progress has been achieved in the area of high-pressure compressor design technology.In this paper,the technical features of the high-pressure compressor of civil high bypass-ratio turbofan engine were analyzed.And then,the research status and development trend of it at home and abroad were reviewed.Finally,the domestic technology difficulties and challenges were pointed out objectively.It is expected that learning from the characteristics of the international advanced design could enlighten the technology development of the high-pressure compressor of civil high bypass-ratio turbofan engine in China.