混合金属氧化物在废水处理中的应用研究综述

Recent development and application of mixed metal oxides in wastewater treatment:A review

混合金属氧化物(Mixed metal oxide,MMO),即一种以上金属的氧化物,因其在水中结构的独特变化,能展现出较强的吸附性能和催化活性,在废水处理方面具有极大应用潜力。本文综述了MMO的制备方法,主要可分为固相烧结法、聚合物前驱体焙烧法、层状双金属氢氧化物(Layered double hydroxides,LDHs)前驱体焙烧法、化学共沉淀法和水热法5种,并详细介绍了通过改变这些合成方法与合成条件实现的MMO元素组成、元素比例、形貌结构等的控制,以调控其性质性能。系统分析了MMO在去除重金属、类金属、有机污染物和阴离子方面的主要机制及研究进展,其中主要机制为在MMO结构重组过程中,伴随有吸附、催化及其协同作用。得益于这3种机制MMO不仅能实现单一污染物的高效脱除,还能实现多污染物的同步去除,在废水处理方面有着显著成效,但目前大多数研究仍停留在实验阶段,在实际废水处理及工程应用上的研究尚少。

Mixed metal oxides(MMO)containing more than one type of metal,have shown great application potential to be adsorbents and catalysts due to their unique structural changes in water.Therefore,they have great potential in wastewater treatment.In this paper,the preparation methods of MMO are described,including solid-phase sintering,polymeric precursor calcination,layered double hydroxides precursor calcination,chemical coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods,and control methods of the element composition,element proportion,and structure of MMO to regulate their properties by changing these synthesis methods and conditions are introduced in detail.The main mechanisms of MMO in the removal of heavy metals,metalloids,organic pollutants and anionic are comprehensively analyzed which can be summarized as:in the process of structural reorganization of MMO,adsorption,catalysis and their synergy are accompanied.MMO can not only remove single pollutants efficiently,but also remove multiple pollutants simultaneously due to these three effects,so MMO have significant effects in effluent treatment,but at present most of the research is still at the experimental stage,and there are few studies on effluent treatment and engineering applications.