普通高中招生“指标到校”政策的变迁、争议及反思

Evolution of the Policy for the School-targeted Enrollment Quota for Senior-high School Students in China and Relevant Disputes and Reflections

我国普通高中招生“指标到校”政策在20多年的演进、变迁中,受问题关键性质、社会经济变迁、社会公众舆论等多种因素的影响,先后经历了孕育期、初建期、启动期、规范期和推进期。争议焦点源于不同群体对于“教育公平”所秉持的信念系统不同,导致关于教育公平优先原则的立场、对该项政策目标和结果的理解以及关于政策执行成本收益的态度等存在差异。当前,在利益群体分化迅速的社会转型中,由于教育公平观念的复杂性,“指标到校”政策实践仍面临挑战。需要提高薄弱学校教育质量,促进区域基础教育均衡发展,加强不同群体间政策学习以及发挥政策共同体的合力。

Affected by multiple factors,such as the nature of the key problems,the socio-economic changes,and the public opinion,the policy for the school-targeted enrollment quota for senior high school students in China in more than 20 years have gone through five stages of development:incubation,initial construction,start-up,standardization,and promotion.Disputes have arisen from different belief systems by different groups about educational justice,which have resulted in differences in understanding the priority principle for educational justice,the policy objectives and results,and the cost-benefit of policy implementation.At present,in the social transformation of the quick division of interest groups and due to the complexity of educational justice,this policy still faces some challenges,whose solutions rely on the improvement of the educational quality of the weak schools,the promotion of the balanced development of the regional basic education,the enhancement of the policy learning among different groups,and the greater joint efforts of the policy community.