湿地水鸟栖息对土壤磷和植物群落特征的影响

Effects of Soil Phosphorus Content on Plant Communities in Waterfowl Habitats

为了探究水鸟栖息对土壤磷和植物群落特征的影响,分别在广东顺德水鸟天堂、广东星湖湿地及江门小鸟天堂3地的水鸟栖息区(水鸟区)和非水鸟栖息区(对照区)进行了植物群落调查和土壤理化性质检测。结果表明,水鸟活动提高了各栖息地土壤的总磷、有效磷和无机磷,而在顺德、星湖两地水鸟区土壤有机磷含量亦显著高于对照区。各栖息地植物物种丰富度和shannon多样性指数均显著小于对照区。土壤pH、容重、有机质和有效磷4种环境因子对植物群落变异影响的总解释率为46%(P<0.05),其中有效磷是最大影响因子。这说明水鸟活动显著提高了土壤中各种磷组分的含量,降低了植物的多样性。

Waterfowl activities transport nutrients,such as nitrogen and phosphorus,to terrestrial habitats,and cause soil nutrient enrichment,which may change the vegetation communities,and species richness of habitat ecosystems.To investigate the influence of waterfowl inhabitation on soil physicochemical properties and plant community characteristics,the changes in plant community and soil physicochemical property were studied in Shunde Waterbird Paradise,Xinghu Wetland,and Jiangmen Little Bird Paradise of Guangdong Province.The results showed that waterbird activities significantly increased the soil total phosphorus,available phosphorus,and inorganic phosphorus contents.In Shunde and Xinghu,the organic phosphorus content of the inhabited area was significantly higher than that of the control area.The plant richness and Shannon diversity index of inhabited areas were significantly lower than those of the control area.The total explanation rate of four environmental factors,including soil pH,density,organic matter,and available phosphorus,on plant community variation were 46%(P<0.05),among which available phosphorus was the most influential factor.Therefore,it was suggested that waterbird activity significantly increases the contents of various phosphorus fractions in the soil and decreases plant diversity.