镍基高温合金载能束增材修复技术研究现状

Research Status of Energy-carrying Beam Additive Repairing Technology for Nickel-based Superalloys

镍基高温合金在高温下具有较强的抗蠕变、耐氧化和防腐蚀性能,被广泛应用于航空航天发动机和工业燃气轮机等热端部件。在恶劣的工作条件下,热端部件受到磨损、冲击、高温侵蚀和交变应力的作用易产生烧蚀、热裂纹、断裂等损伤,直接影响装备的服役安全。因此,如何恢复镍基高温合金损伤件的使役性能是目前亟待解决的问题。载能束具有能量集中、穿透性强、热输入低等特点,可用于快速恢复镍基合金受损零件的尺寸和性能,且修复区与基体形成良好的冶金结合,为镍基高温合金的优质、高效修复提供了可行途径。本文介绍了激光、电子束、电弧和等离子等载能束增材修复工艺的技术原理,归纳了镍基高温合金修复的瓶颈难题,综述了当前针对镍基合金修复难点所取得的重要研究进展,指出了载能束增材修复镍基高温合金的发展方向。

Nickel-based superalloys have been widely used in hot-end components such as aerospace engines and industrial gas turbines because of their excellent creep resistance,high oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures.Under the extreme environment such as wear,impact force,high temperature erosion and alternating stress,the hot-end parts suffer damages,including thermal cracking,fracture and so on,which directly effects the service safety of the equipment.Therefore,how to restore the service performance of nickel-based superalloys damaged parts is a burning problem.The energy-carrying beam provides a high-quality and efficient restoration way for nickel-based superalloys to quickly rebuild the size and performance of the damaged parts due to its advantages such as concentrated energy,strong penetration,low heat input,and good metallurgical bonding between coating and substrate.This article introduces the technical principles of laser,electron,arc,and plasma energy-carrying beam additive repair processes,summarizes the bottleneck problems in the repair of nickel-based superalloys,and reviews the current important research progress in the repair of nickel-based alloys.The developing direction of energy-carrying beam additive repair technology for nickel-based superalloys is also highlighted.