明清山东方言情态动词“待”及其连词化现象

Modal Verb“Dai”and Its Conjunctionalization in Shandong Dialect in Ming and Qing Dynasties

“待”由表意愿转为表假设,最终演变为假设连词,一些同表意愿的其他情态动词演变方向与之具有平行性。它们除了具有共同的语义基础、语法功能及语法位置,还经常出现于假设复句中,经过高频使用,逐渐弱化自身的“意愿”义而吸收句式的“假设”义,关联性逐渐增强,这些因素共同促成了汉语“情态动词>连词”的平行虚化现象。

“Dai”changed from expressing intention to expressing hypothesis,and finally evolved into hypothesis conjunctions.Some other modal verbs with expressing intention evolved in parallel with it.In addition to their common semantic basis,grammatical function and grammatical position,they also frequently appear in hypothesis complex sentences.After high frequency of use,they gradually weaken their“will”meaning and absorb the“hypothesis”meaning of the sentence pattern,thus their relevance gradually increases.These factors contribute to the phenomenon of parallel generalization of“modal verb>conjunction”in Chinese.