经济侵略与利益悖行:日“满”经济集团的构建与美国因应

Economic Aggression and Benefit Perversion:Construction of Japanese Manchukuo Economic Bloc and the Response of the United States

20世纪30年代,世界主要资本主义国家的经济模式逐渐从自由经济转向国家垄断。在此趋势下,九一八事变后,日本开始筹建日“满”经济集团。对日本而言,这不仅是基于现实的考量,更是长期以来对中国东北地区政治经济诉求的进一步实现。出于经济及战略利益,美国密切关注日“满”经济集团的动向,并对其进行了全方位的研判。虽然日“满”经济集团与美国经济利益、国际立场、外交政策以及反殖民主义传统存在冲突,美国驻中国东北领事也多次建议美国政府应采取实际措施抵制日本,但出于经济、政治上的权衡与考量,加之美国国内的孤立主义思潮等因素,美国则采取了一种消极的抵制政策,最终,日“满”经济集团向更大范围的“日满支”经济集团扩张。美国的“作壁上观”不仅损害了其商业利益,更显露了其决策的矛盾与虚伪。从本质上而言,日“满”经济集团下的日美矛盾是日本推行的大陆政策与美国秉持的“门户开放”政策的分歧与矛盾的集中反映,也为日美最终走向战争埋下伏笔。

In the 1930s,the economic model of the world's major capitalist countries gradually shifted from free economy to state monopoly.Under this trend,after the September 18th Incident,Japan began to prepare for the establishment of a Japan Manchukuo Economic Bloc.For Japan,this is not only based on practical considerations,but also the further realization of its long-standing political and economic aspirations to Northeast China.Because of economic and strategic interests,the United States has closely followed the trend of the Japan Manchukuo Economic Bloc and made a comprehensive study and judgment on it.Although the Japan Manchukuo Economic Bloc conflicts with the economic interests,international positions,foreign policies and anti-colonial traditions of the United States,the US Consul in Northeast China has repeatedly suggested that the US government should take practical measures to resist Japan.However,due to economic and political considerations,as well as the isolationist trend of thought in the United States,the US adopted a passive boycott policy.In the end,Japan Manchukuo Economic Bloc expanded to a wider range of Japan Manchukuo Economic Bloc.The United States“Sitting on the Sidelines”not only damaged its commercial interests,but also revealed its contradictions and hypocrisy in decision-making.In essence,the contradiction between Japan and the United States under the Japan Manchukuo Economic Bloc is a concentrated reflection of the differences and contradictions between the mainland policy pursued by Japan and the Open Door policy upheld by the United States,and also lay a foreshadowing for Japan and the United States to finally go to war.