基于预测加工理论的角色交换解释模型

Interpretation model of role reversal based on predictive processing theory

角色交换(role reversal)是心理剧(psychodrama)治疗的基本技术之一。基于莫雷诺的经典理论,角色即当事人的自我展现。当代心理剧治疗实践在莫雷诺理论的基础上积累了丰富的临床经验,但缺乏一个有解释力的理论来整合性地说明心理剧治疗的工作机制。预测加工理论从角色交换体验的分析出发,说明了角色交换过程中个体自身位的“主角”与交换位的“对角”之间的互动与建构关系。根据预测加工理论,角色交换是一种自我建构过程。在从单次角色交换治疗到整个治疗过程的不同层面上,这个自我建构过程分别体现为:(1)角色交换产生了信号类型的改变;(2)角色交换带来了模型的更新;(3)新的人际模型在互动建构中生成。总结起来,运用预测加工理论来解释角色交换的结构化特征,将能促进这项技术在临床治疗中发挥更好的效果。

Role reversal is one of the core techniques of psychodrama therapy.According to Jacob Levy Moreno,the founder of psychodrama,the self emerges from the role that we play.On the basis of Morenian role theory,rich clinical experience has been accumulated in contemporary psychodrama therapy,but it lacks an explanatory theory to comprehensively explain the working mechanism of psychodrama therapy.Starting from the analysis of role reversal experience,predictive processing theory explains interpersonal interaction and role construction in the process of role reversal.According to predictive processing theory,role reversal is a kind of self-construction process.From a single role reversal treatment to different aspects in the process of psychotherapy,this self-construction process is as follows.First,role reversal brings about the change of the signal type.Second,role reversal results in model update.Third,the new model is constructed and generated in the interaction between the individual self and the other.The conclusion turns out that explaining the structural features of role reversal according to predictive processing theory can promote this technology so as to play a better role in clinical treatment.