域外气候变化诉讼的实证分析

The Empirical Analysis of Extraterritorial Climate Change Litigation

域外气候变化诉讼呈现从广义到狭义的发展过程,西方发达国家的气候变化诉讼发展较早且诉讼机制较为完善,发展中国家也在不断推进。气候变化实体法由国际法和国内法的法律规范组成,是气候变化诉讼发展的重要的、必要的法律基础。但国家气候变化的专门立法并非气候变化诉讼发展不可或缺的先决条件,气候变化国际法律文件和国家政策规范体系亦可支持气候变化诉讼。域外气候变化诉讼在诉讼主体、审查理由以及因果关系方面形成诸多显著实证特征和经验,包括提起司法审查诉讼、推动人权保护诉讼、忽略因果关系等。

Extraterritorial climate change litigation has presented a developing process from broad sense to narrow sense.Western developed countries have started climate change litigation earlier and the litigation mechanism is relatively mature,and developing countries are also promoting it.Substantive law on climate change encompasses legal norms of international law and domestic law,and serves as a necessary and important legal basis for the development of climate change litigation.However,national special legislation on climate change is not the only prerequisite for the development of climate change litigation.Climate change policies and international legal documents can also support climate change litigation.The extraterritorial climate change litigation has formed many significant empirical characteristics in terms of litigation subject,review reasons and causality,such as filing judicial review litigation,creating human rights protection litigation,neglecting the causality proofing,and etc.