方志视野下的明清上海地区疫情研究

Ming and Qing Dynasty Shanghai Regional Epidemic Research in the Vision of Local Records

梳理上海地方志特别是旧志关于明清时期疫情的资料,分析明清上海地区疫情特征,发现明清上海地区平均7年就有1次疫情,多在夏秋之交;这一地区疫情重心有从华亭县—上海县区域向上海县—嘉定县区域迁移的趋势;疫情烈度总体较高,以“大疫”为主;病种记载较少,见载的病种以霍乱和红痧为主;上海地区疫情常与他灾害并发。从江南地区乃至全国范围来看,则可以发现上海地区疫情特点与全国和江南地区相呼应,但在清代末期,由于人口和经济重心迁移至从府城华亭县(包括娄县)迁移至上海县,疫情重心也随之转移到上海县。

Through references on epidemic developments during Ming and Qing Dynasty in Shanghai local records,especially in the old local records,and analysis of the features of these epidemics,we discovered that Shanghai region during Ming and Qing Dynasty experienced one epedimic every seven years on average,mostly between the turn of summer to autumn.The center of epidemic in this region moved from the Huating County-Shanghai County region to Shanghai County-Jiading County region.The intensity of these epidemics was fairly high in general,most of which were"Big Epidemics".There were less records on types of diseases.Those that did get recorded were mainly cholera and red fever.Epidemics in the Shanghai region often happened along with other disasters.Seeing from the Jiangnan region or nationwide,we can discover that the features of epidemics in Shanghai region corresponded with those in Jiangnan region and nationwide.But during the late Qing Dynasty,since the center of population and economy moved from the fu capital Huating County(including Lou County)to Shanghai County,the epidemic center also moved to Shanghai County.