京津冀城市群知识基础的演化过程与动力机制研究

The evolution process and dynamic mechanism of knowledge basesin Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration

如何认识城市群中知识的累积和演化规律是当下区域创新研究的重要话题,本研究引入区域知识基础的动态分析方法,从规模、结构、分蘖三个角度考察了京津冀近20年来知识基础的演化过程及动力机制。研究发现:①京津冀城市群知识基础规模呈现总量快速增加和涵盖领域不断扩展的趋势,并在2013年之后从空间集聚增长转向均衡增长模式。知识结构的多样化和关联度显著提升,但北京与津冀两地的知识领域分布差距较大,成为制约城市群内知识溢出的重要原因。②2004—2013年间,京津冀城市群知识分蘖以进入新知识领域为主。新知识领域进入受到技术关联、外部网络链接、政府干预三种机制影响。新知识领域进入概率与本地已有知识库关联性正相关,并未证实存在“路径锁定”效应。与外部创新网络的联系对新知识的进入也有显著的促进作用,来自城市群内的创新联系作用要大于城市群之外。政府干预强化了新知识进入的可能性,其中引进外资比引进内资对新知识的进入作用更大。③2013年后,京津冀城市群知识分蘖形式转变为以已有知识领域的增长为主。本地集聚经济水平是影响已有知识领域增长的最大因素,其中除了集聚的规模之外,集群创新网络发育程度也对已有知识增长具有重要作用。此外,技术关联仍是促进已有知识领域知识增长的重要因素,且技术关联与本地知识库形成一种“累积循环”的自我强化效应。研究为城市群创新政策的制订提供了建议。

How to understand the basic law of knowledge accumulation,growth and spillovers in urban agglomerations is an important topic in the current regional innovation research.This study introduces the dynamic analysis method of regional knowledge base,investigates the evolution process of the knowledge base in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei in recent 20 years from three perspectives of scale,structure and tillering,and empirically tests the driving mechanism of knowledge evolution.The findings are as follows:(1)The scale of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei knowledge base shows a trend of rapid increase in the total amount and continuous expansion in the coverage area,and after 2013,it has shifted from agglomeration growth to a balanced growth mode.The diversification of knowledge and the correlation degree have been significantly improved,and the main distribution fields of patents have changed from electrical machinery to general equipment,computers,instruments and meters,etc.However,there is a big gap in the distribution of knowledge fields between Beijing and Tianjin and Hebei,which has become an important reason for restricting knowledge spillovers in urban agglomerations.(2)From 2004 to 2013,the tillering process of the knowledge base of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration was mainly to enter new knowledge fields.It is easier for new knowledge areas with a strong correlation with the existing local knowledge base to enter,and the"path locking"effect found by Kogler et al.(2022)has not been confirmed.The connection with external innovation network can also promote the entry of new knowledge,and the role of innovation connection from the urban agglomeration is greater than that from outside the urban agglomeration.Government intervention strengthens the possibility of new knowledge entry,in which the introduction of foreign capital plays a greater role in new knowledge entry than the introduction of domestic capital.(3)After 2013,the form of knowledge tillering in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration changed to the growth of existing knowledge fields.The growth of existing knowledge fields in urban agglomerations is also mainly influenced by technological association,which forms a self-reinforcing effect of a"cumulative cycle"with the local knowledge base.In addition,the scale of local agglomeration economy and the development of the innovation network jointly promote the growth of existing knowledge.