山区农户的生计干预效率及其影响因素——以陇南山区为例

Efficiency and influencing factors of livelihood interventions of farming households in mountainous areas:A case study of Longnan mountainous areas

生计干预作为中国后脱贫时代采取的系统性外部干预,不仅有助于实现农户的可持续生计,还有利于促进乡村振兴战略的有效实施,其效率是检验干预措施成功与否的重要标尺。本文以地处西秦岭腹地的陇南山区为例,基于农户调查数据,从投入产出维度出发构建山区农户的生计干预效率评价指标体系,采用随机前沿生产函数模型(SFA)评估其生计干预效率,并运用Tobit回归模型分析了陇南山区农户生计干预效率的关键影响因素。结果发现:①陇南山区农户生计干预效率整体处于较低水平,均值为0.1274,低生计干预效率的农户占57.87%,而高生计干预效率农户仅占8.39%;②不同类型农户生计干预效率存在明显的分化特征,后期脱贫、高山区以及特色务农主导型和务工主导型农户的生计干预效率较高;③内生动力、交通便利度和海拔对生计干预效率有显著正向影响,而农产品销售的难易程度对生计干预效率有显著负向影响。此外,内生动力与其他因素的交互作用也对其原有单一因素对农户生计干预效率的影响产生作用。基于此,提出继续加大投资额度、因地制宜发展产业、依托电子商务平台、注重农村人才培养以及提高农户内生动能等建议以推动山区农户生计干预效率的进一步提升。

Livelihood intervention,as a systematic external force in the post-poverty era in China,not only plays an important role in promoting the sustainable livelihood of farmers,but also greatly promotes the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and sustainable rural development.Its efficiency is an important guarantee for testing the success of assistance measures.Based on the questionnaire survey data,we take the Longnan mountainous areas in the hinterland of the western Qinling Mountains as an example,and construct a livelihood interventions efficiency evaluation index system from the input-output dimension.On the basis of comprehensive evaluation of the efficiency of livelihood intervention using stochastic frontier production function model(SFA),we take Tobit regression model to explore the key factors affecting the efficiency of livelihood intervention of farming households in Longnan.The results showed that:(1)The overall livelihood intervention efficiency of farming households in the study area is at a low level,with a mean value of 0.1274,57.87%of farming households with low livelihood intervention efficiency and only 8.39%of high livelihood intervention efficiency households.(2)There are obvious differentiation characteristics of different types of farming households′livelihood intervention efficiency,with higher livelihood intervention efficiency of farmers who escape from poverty at a later stage,in high mountainous areas,and those whose main livelihood strategies are characteristically farm-led and labor-led.(3)The key factors influencing the efficiency of livelihood interventions of farming households in Longnan differed,with endogenous motivation,transportation convenience and altitude having a significant positive effect on the efficiency of livelihood interventions,while the ease of selling agricultural products had a significant negative effect on the efficiency of livelihood interventions.In addition,the interaction between endogenous motivation and other factors had an impact in the effect of their original single factor on the efficiency of farming households′livelihood interventions.Based on this,we propose to continue to increase investment,develop industries according to local conditions,rely on e-commerce platforms,focus on rural talent training,and improve the endogenous motivation of farming households to promote the further improvement of the efficiency of livelihood interventions in mountainous areas.