黑格尔现象学视域中的《资本论》辩证法

The Dialectics of Das Kapital in Hegel's Phenomenological Perspective

在黑格尔的《精神现象学》中,意识的形态所经历的具有现象学结构的辩证变换过程对于理解《资本论》中的价值形态辩证法来说,具有启示意义。马克思在其价值理论中之所以假借黑格尔唯心主义辩证法,是因为后者的“神秘外壳”可以恰切地揭示资本主义生产当事人的神秘意识,即经济拜物教。黑格尔与马克思都区分了看待形态分化的双重视角:自然意识与绝对知识,生产当事人的意识与真正的科学研究者。对于真正的科学研究者而言,价值及其形态作为经济范畴是对客观实在的一定社会关系的反映。对价值形态的社会根源的研究,是价值形态辩证叙述之成立的界限,这是马克思资本批判的历史唯物主义立场的重要体现。

The dialectic transformation of consciousness in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit,which is characterized by a phenomenological structure,is illuminating for our comprehension of the dialectics of value gestalts in Marx's Das Kapital.In his theory of value,Marx employed the method of Hegel's dialectic idealism,because the latter's"mysterious shell"can precisely reveal the mysterious consciousness of those agents who are involved in capitalist production,that is,in economic fetishism.Both Hegel and Marx distinguished the dual perspectives of dialectical differentiation,i e.,natural consciousness and absolute knowledge,or,to put it in another way,the perspective of agents of production and that of true scientific researchers.For the latter group of people,value,which is regarded as an abstraction or concept,reflects certain social relations in objective reality.It is the research on the social roots of value gestalts that forms the boundary of the correctness of a dialectic account for value gestalts.