高等教育国际化政策:类型重塑与深层逻辑——基于国际比较视角

A New Typology and the Logic of Policies for Higher Education Internationalization:From the Perspective of International Comparison

高等教育是全球经济和社会发展的关键驱动力。为应对全球化给高等教育带来的机遇和挑战,高等教育国际化突破一度仅限于高等教育机构的活动,日益受到民族国家重视并被提上各国的政策议程。国家政府在政策制定方面发挥着主导作用。从国际化要素的流动方向和国际化发生的空间范围出发,可以将高等教育国际化模式进一步细分为“全面外向型”“过渡转向型”“区域聚焦型”“战略内向型”四种类型,不同高等教育国际化类型国家政策呈现出差异化特质。就单一国家的高等教育国际化政策而言,选择何种政策模式背后的深层逻辑离不开国家不同发展阶段的战略诉求、所依存的全球环境的变化以及参与国际化过程中必须面对的矛盾和不平等现实。

Higher education has long been a vital and powerful driver of global economic and social development.Globalization has brought opportunities and challenges to higher education,and in order to deal with them,internationalization of higher education,once confined to the internal activities of higher education institutions,has been paid more attention by nation-states and put on the policy agenda of countries around the world.National governments play a leading role in the formation of national policies of higher education internationalization.Based on the mobility and the spatial scope of higher education internationalization,a new typology of higher education internationalization can be categorized into four types,i.e.,“comprehensively outwardoriented”“transitional-oriented”“regional-focused” and “strategically inward-oriented” internationalization.Different types of national policies for higher education internationalization present different characteristics.In terms of a specific country's higher education internationalization policy,the deep logic behind the choice of policy mode is inseparable from the strategic demands of different development stages of the country,the changes of the global situation and the contradictions in the reality of inequal internationalization.