利益相关者视角下高考公平影响因素研究

Research on the Influencing Factors of the Fairness of New College Entrance Examination from the Perspective of Stakeholders

高考公平是教育公平的基石,不同利益群体对高考公平的认知,在某种程度上既是影响高考改革进程的重要因素,也是评判高考改革成效的关键指标。基于教育机会均等理论构建高考公平影响因素分析模型,通过对六类高考利益群体12万数据量的实证研究,结果表明:六类群体对于新高考改革整体认同度和满意度较高;不同性别、职称、学历、职业的群体对新高考改革认知具有明显差异;高中生、高中教师、家长三类群体中,过程公平对结果公平的影响系数较低;高中生、高中教师、家长三类群体中,改革认知是影响起点公平的最主要因素,选科依据、能力动机、考试内容是影响过程公平的主要因素,满意度是影响结果公平的最主要因素。新高考改革深化期,应重视不同利益相关方的诉求,广泛凝聚社会共识;构建科学长效的选科机制,推动考试内容改革适应学生能力发展新需要;提升家庭教育能力,构建家校育人共同体;推动高考利益群体广泛参与,切实保障“参与性平等”。

The fairness of college entrance examination is the cornerstone of educational equity.Different interest groups' cognition of the fairness of college entrance examination is not only an important factor affecting the process of college entrance examination reform,but also as a key indicator to judge the effectiveness of college entrance examination reform.Based on the theory of equal educational opportunity,taking high school students,high school teachers,university teachers,university students,parents and social people who're concerned about the reform of new college entrance examination as objects of investigation,studies the influencing factors and paths of fair starting point,fair process and fair result of new college entrance examination reform.The results show that the six groups have higher overall identification and satisfaction with the new college entrance examination reform;and different gender,title,education,occupation groups on the new college entrance examination reform cognition has significant differences;among the groups of high school students,high school teachers and parents,the impact coefficient of process justice on outcome justice is low;among the groups of high school students,high school teachers and parents,reform cognition is the most important factor that affects starting point fairness,the basis of selecting groups,ability motivation and examination content are the main factors that affect process fairness,satisfaction is the most important factor that affects result fairness.During the deepening period of the reform of the NCEE,we should pay attention to the demands of different stakeholders,build a broad consensus in society;and establish a scientific and long-term mechanism for selecting groups,promote the reform of examination contents to meet the new needs students' ability development;and enhance students' discipline ability,to build a community of home-school education;promote college entrance examination-related groups to participate in a wide range of practical protection of“participatory equality”.