“无形之瓜分”与边疆的保全——杨度的“门罗主义”思想实验与“非正式帝国”的视野

The Notion of "Invisible Partition"and the Preservation of Border Areas:Yang Du's "Monroe Doctrine"Thought Experiment and the Vision of"Informal Empire"

1907年,为回应革命派的建国方案,杨度在其名作《金铁主义说》中想象了一个中国版本的“门罗宣言”,认为革命派的主张将引起边疆民族地区的脱离并落入列强控制,进而导致内地难以自存,从“内部瓜分”变成“外部瓜分”。杨度断定,革命派没有能力发布“门罗宣言”并加以实行。杨度对于“中国式门罗宣言”的想象,基于其对于帝国主义列强的瓜分与灭国策略的反复思考;这一想象体现了近代“空间革命”所带来的理解中国内部民族与地理空间关系的认识框架的深刻转变,其“门罗主义”思考中蕴含的“非正式帝国”的视野,在当代仍具有重要现实意义。

In 1907,as a response to the revolutionary faction's nation-building proposal,Yang Du conceived a Chinese version of the"Monroe Doctrine"in The Theory of Gold and Iron.He argued that the revolutionaries'agenda would lead to the secession of China's border regions and their subsequent control by foreign powers,resulting in the central area of China struggling to sustain itself.Yang Du asserted that this shift from"internal partition"to"external partition"would not be facilitated by the revolutionaries'ability to promulgate and enforce their own"Monroe Doctrine".Yang Du's imagination of a Chinese version of the"Monroe Doctrine"stemmed from his contemplation of the strategies employed by imperialist powers in partitioning and conquering territories.The comparison reflects the profound transformation in the understanding of the relationship between ethnic groups and geographic space within China brought about by the modern"space revolution".Yang Du's consideration of the"informal empire"within his contemplation of the"Monroe Doctrine"still holds significant practical relevance in contemporarytimes.