中欧地理标志互认促进中国农产品出口——基于“双循环”视角的机制研究

The Promoting Effect of Mutual Recognition of Geographical Indications between China and Europe on China's Agricultural Exports--A Mechanism Research from a"Dual Circulation"Perspective

地理标志代表着区域特色农产品的特定品质和良好声誉,是“双循环”格局下稳定农产品出口的一剂良方。本文在理论分析地理标志认证对农产品出口影响机理的基础上,基于2000—2016年中国海关出口数据,构建多时点双重差分模型,实证检验中欧地理标志互认对中国农产品出口的影响效应及作用机制。研究表明:(1)中欧地理标志互认显著提升了中国农产品出口的二元边际,且对集约边际的效应大于扩展边际,这一结果在经过安慰剂检验、反事实检验和多项稳健性检验后依然成立。(2)从产品层面看,中欧地理标志互认对水果出口的影响主要沿着集约边际展开,而对蔬菜出口的推动则主要通过扩展边际。(3)中国农产品出口到地理标志禀赋丰富的国家对出口二元边际作用更大,相比于出口国单边,贸易双边均拥有互认产品更能促进中国农产品出口二元边际增长,而进口国单边拥有互认产品则会形成贸易壁垒。(4)机制检验表明,中欧地理标志互认对农产品出口二元边际的影响是在“双循环”相互促进的作用下产生的:在国内市场,通过内需驱动,发挥本地市场效应,促进农产品出口二元边际;在国外市场,通过质量升级,突破出口壁垒,并通过信号传递,激发进口需求,提高农产品出口二元边际。

Geographical indications(GIs)signify the distinctive quality and good reputation of agricultural products with regional characteristics,providing a favorable strategy for stabilizing agricultural exports in China's"dual circulation"pattern.This paper employs theoretical analysis to examine the influential mechanism of GI certification on agricultural product exports,and constructs a time-varying difference-in-differences model to empirically investigate the impact and mechanism of mutual recognition of GIs between China and Europe on China's agricultural product exports based on the export data of China Customs from 2000 to 2016.The findings show:(1)Mutual recognition of GIs between China and Europe significantly increases the binary margin of China's agricultural exports,with a greater effect on the intensive margin compared to the extensive margin.These results hold true after conducting placebo,counterfactual,and multiple robustness tests.(2)At the product level,mutual recognition of GIs between China and Europe primarily influences fruit exports through the intensive margin,while vegetable exports experience a boost primarily through the extensive margin.(3)China's exports to GI-rich countries have a greater impact on the binary margin of agricultural exports,where bilateral ownership of GI products fosters greater growth in the binary margin of China's agricultural exports compared to unilateral ownership by exporting countries.Conversely,unilateral ownership of GI products by importing countries creates trade barriers.(4)The mechanism test demonstrates that the effect of mutual recognition of GIs between China and Europe on the binary margin of agricultural exports occurs under the mutual promotion of"dual circulation".In the domestic market,the local market effect is driven by domestic demand,promoting the binary margin of agricultural exports.In the foreign market,quality upgrading overcomes export barriers,and signal transmission stimulates import demand,leading to an increase in the binary margin of agricultural exports.