苦木提取物对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫功能及抗氧化性能的影响

Effect of Picrasma quassioides extract on growth performance,slaughter performance,immune function and antioxidant performance of boilers

为研究苦木提取物(PQE)替代抗生素对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、屠宰性能以及抗氧化性能的影响,试验选取300只体重相近的1日龄肉仔鸡为研究对象。对照组饲喂基础日粮,PQE1、PQE2和PQE3组分别在基础日粮中添加100、200、400 mg/kg的苦木提取物,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加250 mg/kg的金霉素(含量20%),试验期为42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,PQE2组的平均日增重提高了6.3%(P <0.05),平均日采食量提高了2.2%(P <0.05),料重比降低了3.9%(P <0.05)。肉鸡的屠宰率与对照组相比均有提高,其中PQE2组差异显著(P <0.05)。PQE1和PQE2组的半净膛率分别较对照组提高3.05%和2.69%(P <0.05)。各试验组的全净膛率较对照组均有提高,其中PQE2组提高了4.32%(P <0.05)。各试验组的脾脏指数与对照组相比均有所增加,但差异不显著(P> 0.05)。法氏囊指数增加显著(P <0.05),PQE2组较对照组增加了19.05%。胸腺指数与对照组相比增加不明显(P> 0.05)。肉鸡血清抗氧化性能中,丙二醛(MDA)水平呈现下降趋势(P <0.05),其中PQE3组下降了19.15%,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平也高于对照组。综上所述,在日粮中添加200 mg/kg苦木提取物对肉鸡的生长性能、免疫功能、屠宰性能和血清抗氧化性能效果最佳。

The effect of Picrasma quassioides extract(PQE)instead of antibiotics on the growth performance,immune function,slaughter performance and antioxidant performance of broilers was evaluated in this study.300 broilers of 1-day-old with similar body weight were selected as the trial objects.The control group was fed with the basic diet.The PQE1,PQE2 and PQE3 groups were added with 100,200,400 mg/kg Picrasma quassioides extract respectively in the basic diet.The antibiotic group was added with 250 mg/kg chlortetracycline(20%)in the basic diet.The trial period was 42 days.The results showed that the average daily gain of PQE2 group increased by 6.3%(P>0.05),the average daily food intake increased by 2.2%(P<0.05),and the feed weight ratio decreased by 3.9%(P<0.05)compared with the control group.The dressed percentage of broilers was higher than that of control group,and the difference of PQE2 group was significant(P<0.05).The percentage of half-eviscerated yield of PQE1 and PQE2 groups increased by 3.05%and 2.69%respectively compared with the control group(P<0.05).The percentage of eviscerated yield of all PQE groups increased,and by 4.32%(P<0.05)in PQE2 group.The spleen index of each test group increased compared with that of the control group,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05).The index of bursa of fabricius increased significantly(P<0.05),and the PQE2 group increased by 19.05%compared with that of conrol group.Thymus index did not significantly increase compared with the control group and the antibiotic group(P>0.05).In the serum antioxidant performance of broilers,the level of malondialdehyde(MDA)showed a downward trend(P<0.05),the PQE3 group decreased by 19.15%,and the level of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were also higher than that in the control group.In conclusion,adding 200 mg/kg PQE to the diet had the best effect on the growth performance,immune function,slaughter performance and serum antioxidant performance of broilers.